In 1995, terrorists in Japan released the deadly toxin sarin within a subway sys

Question

In 1995, terrorists in Japan released the deadly toxin sarin within a subway system. Several people died in this incident and many others were injured. This toxin directly competes with an enzyme that is responsible for the correct functioning of the nervous system. Which best explains how the necessary enzyme is inhibited by sarin exposure? O Sarin acts as a catalyst, which lowers the needed energy levels for metabolic functions. Sarin covalently bonds to the active site of an enzyme so that the substrate cannot perform the needed chemical reaction. Sarin raises the pH of a cell's environment so that enzymes can no longer function properly. Sarin alters the shape of an amino acid by attaching an additional R group, changing the overall function.

Explanation / Answer

The correct option is Option B: Sarin covalently bonds to the active site of an enzyme so that the substrate cannot perform the needed chemical reaction.

Sarin (isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is a type of nerve gas, volatile substance mainly taken up through inhalation. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( which degrades acetylcholine). The interaction with the enzyme and become irreversible with time due to the loss of an alkyl group. It eventually leads to respiratory failure and death.

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