Five definitions (2 points each) a. Co-dominance b. Sex differentiation C. Pleio

Question

Five definitions (2 points each) a. Co-dominance b. Sex differentiation C. Pleiotropy d. Karyotype : e. Splicing mutations 2Describe comon and aiferent fetures between the two terms (3 points each) a. Aneuploidy vs. Polyploidy b. X-linked dominant vs. X-linked recessive trait c. Paracentric vs. pericentric inversion 3. Calculate the distance between genes A and B if the proportion of recessive gomorygotes was 6% when crossing: A b a B (5 points) 5. List major categories of teratogenes. (6 points)

Explanation / Answer

1. A. Codominance is the condition in which there is no dominant and recessive relationship between the two alleles of the same gene. Ex. A & B antigens of RBC are codominant

B. It is the act of descriminating male and female as seperate by their appearance. It depends on their chromosomes composition. If the allosomal composition is XX, then it is female, if XY then it is male in case of human

C. It is also called multigene effect. It is the condition in which a single gene controls several characters outcome . This is mainly due to interacting and inter dependant genes

D. The arrangement of chromosomes of a haploid cells in either ascending or descending order is called Karyotype. Karyotype is unique for a species

E. Splicing is the process of removal of introns from Eukaryotic RNA. If it causes any mutations, then they are called Splicing mutations

3. As crossing over is 6%, then the distance between A & B is 6 mU or 6 x 106 bp ( 1% Crossing over = 1 mU = 106 bp).

Note : % of Crossing over is directly proportional to distance between genes

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