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Problem 10-13 NPV and IRR Analysis Cummings Products Company is considering two

ID: 2716637 • Letter: P

Question

Problem 10-13
NPV and IRR Analysis

Cummings Products Company is considering two mutually exclusive investments whose expected net cash flows are as follows:

Construct NPV profiles for Projects A and B.

Select the correct graph.

The correct graph is -Select-ABCDItem 1 .

What is each project's IRR? Round your answers to two decimal places.

Project A %

Project B %

Calculate the two projects' NPVs, if you were told that each project's cost of capital was 10%. Round your answers to the nearest cent.

Project A    $  

Project B    $  

Which project, if either, should be selected?
-Select-Project AProject BItem 6

Calculate the two projects' NPVs, if the cost of capital was 18%. Round your answers to the nearest cent.

Project A    $  

Project B    $  

What would be the proper choice?
-Select-Project AProject BItem 9

What is each project's MIRR at a cost of capital of 10%? (Hint: Note that B is a 7-year project.) Round your answers to two decimal places.

Project A %

Project B %

What is each project's MIRR at a cost of capital of 18%? (Hint: Note that B is a 7-year project.) Round your answer to two decimal places.

Project A %

Project B %

What is the crossover rate? Round your answer to two decimal places.
%

EXPECTED NET CASH FLOWS Year Project A Project B 0 -$280 -$430 1 -387 134 2 -193 134 3 -100 134 4 600 134 5 600 134 6 850 134 7 -180 134

Explanation / Answer

Calculation of IRR:

IRR of Project A:

IRR is the rate at which NPV is '0' i.e., PV of cash inflows =PV of cash outflows

Applying trial and error method:

At 19%, NPV

= {[-387/(1+0.18)]+[-193/(1+0.18)2]+[-100/(1+0.18)3]+[600/(1+0.18)4+[600/(1+0.18)5]+[850/(1+0.18)6]+[-180/(1+0.18)7]]}-280

=$275.84 - $280

=-$4.16

At 18%, NPV

= {[-387/(1+0.18)]+[-193/(1+0.18)2]+[-100/(1+0.18)3]+[600/(1+0.18)4+[600/(1+0.18)5]+[850/(1+0.18)6]+[-180/(1+0.18)7]]}-280

= $302.66 -$280

= $22.66

For 1% decrease in IRR, NPV increased by $26.82

For how much decrease in IRR, NPV increases by $4.16?

4.16 / 26.82 = 0.15%

Therefore, IRR= 19 – 0.15 = 18.85%

IRR of Project B:

IRR is the rate at which NPV is '0' i.e., PV of cash inflows =PV of cash outflows

Applying trial and error method:

At 25%, NPV

= [134*PVAF(25%,7yrs)]-430

= $423.59 - $430

=-$6.41

At 24%, NPV

= [134*PVAF(24%,7yrs)]-430

=$434.47 - $430

=$4.47

For 1% decrease in IRR, NPV increased by $10.88

For how much decrease in IRR, NPV increases by $6.41?

6.41 / 10.88 = 0.589%

Therefore, IRR= 25 - 0.589= 24.41%

IRR of Project A = 18.85%

IRR of Project B = 24.41%

Selection of Project as per IRR decision rule:

A project with higher IRR should be selected as it gives the higher return.

Here, IRR of Project A is 18.85%

IRR of Project B is 24.41%

As project B is with higher IRR, project B should be accepted.

Where cost of capital is 10%, NPV of the Projects:

NPV of Project A:

NPV = PV of Cash inflows - PV of Cash outflows

={[-387/(1+0.10)]+[-193/(1+0.10)2]+[-100/(1+0.10)3]+[600/(1+0.10)4+[600/(1+0.10)5]+[850/(1+0.10)6]+[-180/(1+0.10)7]]}-280

= $583.34 - $280

= $303.34

NPV of Project B:

NPV = PV of Cash inflows - PV of Cash outflows

=[134*PVAF(10%,7yrs)]-430

=$652.368 - $430

=$222.37

Selection of Project as per NPV decision rule:

A project with higher NPV should be selected.

Here, NPV of Project A = $303.34

NPV of Project B = $222.37

As Project A is with higher NPV, Project A should be selected.

Where cost of capital is 18%, NPV of the Projects:

NPV of Project A:

NPV = PV of Cash inflows - PV of Cash outflows

={[-387/(1+0.18)]+[-193/(1+0.18)2]+[-100/(1+0.18)3]+[600/(1+0.18)4+[600/(1+0.18)5]+[850/(1+0.18)6]+[-180/(1+0.18)7]]}-280

= $302.66 - $280

= $22.66

NPV of Project B:

NPV = PV of Cash inflows - PV of Cash outflows

=[134*PVAF(18%,7yrs)]-430

=$510.75 - $430

=$80.75

Selection of Project as per NPV decision rule:

A project with higher NPV should be selected.

Here, NPV of Project A = $22.66

NPV of Project B = $80.75

As Project B is with higher NPV, Project B should be selected.

Calculation of MIRR at a cost of capital of 10%:

Modified IRR = [FV(positive cash flows, cost of capital) / (-PV (negative cash flows, finance rate))]1/n - 1

Here only cost of capital is given. Hence, cost of capital is only considered as finance rate.

Cost of capital = 10%

n = Number of years = 7

Computation of Modified IRR of project A:

FV (positive cash flows, reinvestment rate)

= (600 (1+0.10)3) + (600 (1+0.10)2) + (850 (1+0.10)1))

=$798.6 + $726 + $935

=$2459.60

PV (negative cash flows, finance rate)

=($280/(1+0.10)0) +($387/(1+0.10)1)+ ($193/(1+0.10)2)+ ($100/(1+0.10)3)+ ($180/(1+0.10)7)

=$280+$351.82+$159.50+$75.13+$92.37

=$958.82

Modified IRR = [FV(positive cash flows, cost of capital) / (-PV (negative cash flows, finance rate))]1/n - 1

= ($2459.60/958.82)1/7 - 1

=2.5651/7-1

=1.144 - 1

=0.144 (approx.)

Computation of Modified IRR of project B:

FV (positive cash flows, reinvestment rate)

=134*FVAF(10%, 7yrs)

=$1398.41

PV (negative cash flows, finance rate)

=$430/(1+0.10)0

=$430

Modified IRR =  [FV(positive cash flows, cost of capital) / (-PV (negative cash flows, finance rate))]1/n - 1

= (1398.41/430)1/7 - 1

=3.2521/7-1

= 1.183 - 1

=0.183 (approx.)

Modified IRR of Project A = 0.144 = 14.4%

Modified IRR of Project B = 0.183 = 18.3%

Calculation of MIRR at a cost of capital of 18%:

Modified IRR = [FV(positive cash flows, cost of capital) / (-PV (negative cash flows, finance rate))]1/n - 1

Here only cost of capital is given. Hence, cost of capital is only considered as finance rate.

Cost of capital = 18%

n = Number of years = 7

Computation of Modified IRR of project A:

FV (positive cash flows, reinvestment rate)

= (600 (1+0.18)3) + (600 (1+0.18)2) + (850 (1+0.18)1))

=$985.82 + $835.44 + $1003

=$2824.26

PV (negative cash flows, finance rate)

=($280/(1+0.18)0) +($387/(1+0.18)1)+ ($193/(1+0.18)2)+ ($100/(1+0.18)3)+ ($180/(1+0.18)7)

=$280+$327.97+$138.61+$60.86+$56.50

=$863.94

Modified IRR = [FV(positive cash flows, cost of capital) / (-PV (negative cash flows, finance rate))]1/n - 1

= ($2824.26/863.94)1/7 - 1

=3.2691/7-1

=1.184 - 1

=0.184(approx.)

Computation of Modified IRR of project B:

FV (positive cash flows, reinvestment rate)

=134*FVAF(18%, 7yrs)

=$1919.82

PV (negative cash flows, finance rate)

=$430/(1+0.10)0

=$430

Modified IRR =  [FV(positive cash flows, cost of capital) / (-PV (negative cash flows, finance rate))]1/n - 1

= (1919.82/430)1/7 - 1

=4.46471/7-1

= 1.238 - 1

=0.238 (approx.)

Modified IRR of Project A = 0.184 = 18.4%

Modified IRR of Project B = 0.238 = 23.8%

Cross Over Rate:

The rate at which the company is indifferent to select either of the projects is the IRR where NPV of Project A equals NPV of project B.

Applying the trial and error method,

At 18%, NPV of Project A = $22.66

NPV of Project B = $80.75

Difference= $22.66 - $80.75

= -$58.09

At 10%, NPV of Project A = $303.34

NPV of Project B = $222.37

Difference= $303.34 - $222.37

= $80.97

For 8% decrease in IRR, difference increased by $139.06

For how much decrease in IRR, difference increases by $58.09?

58.09 / 139.06 = 0.4177%

IRR = 18 - 0.4177 =17.5823 (approx).

Therefore, the discount rate at which the company is indifferent to select either of the two projects is 17.58%

IRR of Project A = 18.85%

IRR of Project B = 24.41%

NPV of Projects:

At 10%, Project A = $303.34

                Project B = $222.37

At 18%, Project A = $22.66

                Project B = $80.75

MIRR of Projects:

At 10%, Project A =14.4&

                Project B = 18.3%

At 18%, Project A = 18.4%

                Project B = 23.8%

Cross over rate = 17.58%

Based on the above findings, we can say graph corresponding to option C is appropriate.

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