39.Elephant seals were hunted nearly to extinction in the early 1900’s. Populati

Question

39.Elephant seals were hunted nearly to extinction in the early 1900’s. Population size was reduced to only a few individuals. Under protection from hunting the population size of this species has risen to thousands of individuals. If you examined the genes of elephant seals today you would expect a) that the level of genetic variation would be very high since population size is high b) that the level of genetic variation would be low due to the bottleneck effect c) that genetic variation would be high in spite of the bottleneck effect since mutation during the past several decades would have restored all of the genetic variation lost during the bottleneck event.

40. In a very large population there are three genotypes AA, Aa and aa. The relative fitnesses of the genotypes are such that fitness aa < fitness Aa > fitness AA. Over time you would expect a) the a allele to be eliminated from the population b) the A allele to be eliminated from the population c) eventually no individuals in the population will be genotype Aa d) a or b could occur e) both the a and A alleles will remain in the population.

41. Of the evolutionary forces listed below, which can increase the number of polymorphic genetic loci in a population? a) selection b) genetic drift c) mutation d) random mating.

42. During the voyage of the Beagle, Darwin noted that finch species found on the Galapagos islands off the South American coast were most similar to a) species on islands adjacent to the African mainland b) species on the African mainland c) species on the adjacent South American mainland d) species on Pacific islands.

45. Which of the following would be good biogeographic evidence in support of the idea that species can evolve into new species. a) a species of rodent on the Galapagos is very different from other rodents on the adjacent South American mainland, but is identical to a species found on islands in Southeast Asia b) all populations of a species of lizard on different islands of the Galapagos are identical c) a species of frog on an island in Lake Michigan is very similar to a different species of frog on the Michigan mainland d) a camel species in Africa is identical to a fossil camel found in the same area

46. You find two types of birds in a meadow. They are very similar in appearance but you can distinguish them by the presence of a colored tuft of feathers on the head that is found only in one type. You observe that individuals from the different types sometimes mate with each other. You keep track of nests in which these matings occur and find that the eggs never hatch. According to the Biological Species Concept a) these different types are different species because they don’t produce viable offspring b) these different types are the same species because they look similar c) these different types belong to the same species because they occur in the same area d) these different types belong to the same species because mate with each other

Explanation / Answer

Ans 39:

b) that the level of genetic variation would be low due to the bottleneck effect .

Note: this is a case of Bottleneck effect where only a few individuals of a population survives , and the few insividuals then interbreed to form a new population. This new population will have less genetic diversity than previous population.

Ans 40: e) both the a and A alleles will remain in the population.

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