A 55-year-old male was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after experienci
ID: 272529 • Letter: A
Question
A 55-year-old male was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after experiencing complications from an infection during his youth. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that manifests as chronic inflammation, primarily in the joints. The patient states that he manages his symptoms well and lives a lifestyle that attempts to keep the inflammation at a minimum.
1) CD4 T helper cells and other immune cells in a patient with RA promote cytokine release, especially release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). What is a primary action of these cytokines? and explain.
A. To activate neutrophils
B. To activate proliferation of natural (NK) cells
C. To activate proliferation of T, B, and NK cells
D. To activate an inflammatory response
2) Inflammation is a natural immune response, providing immediate defense against foreign invasion. However, when not controlled, inflammation can cause damage to normal, healthy tissue. This patient is most likely to present with which of the following clinical signs and symptoms during a typical visit to his primary care provider? and explain
A. Fever
B. Redness, pain, heat, and swelling of joints
C. Swollen lymph nodes
3) Having lived with RA for most of his life, this patient is well aware of the inflammatory response and how it feels when he is experiencing exacerbations. During times of increased inflammation, which of the following laboratory results is most likely to be abnormal? and explain
A. White blood cell count
B. Glucose
C. Red blood cell count
D. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Explanation / Answer
Answer:
1.
Primary action action of these cytokines are to activate an inflammatory response.
Hence,option (d) is correct answer.
2.
patient is most likely to present with Redness, pain, heat, and swelling of joints during a typical visit to his primary care provider.
Hence, option (B) is correct answer.
3.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is most likely to be abnormal in laboratory results.
Hence,option (d) is correct answer.
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