69. Answer ONE of the following questions. 10 points A. Describe the sliding fil
ID: 272839 • Letter: 6
Question
69. Answer ONE of the following questions. 10 points A. Describe the sliding filament model for inuscie conitation. In your description explain the roles played by actin. adenosine triphosphate, calcium ions, myosta, troponi, tropomyosin, and the sarcop about the roles played by each. B. Describe the conduction of a neural impulse hy a neuron from dendrite explain the roles played by membrane pumps and channels. Explain the role of to synapse. Identify the ions involved and summation in the process. C. Describe the clonal selection theory of the vertebrate immune response. Explain the roles played by antigens, helper T-cells, and the different immune responses associated with T- and B- lymphocytes. Describe how a primary immune response differs from a secondary immune response. D. Describe the process of urine formation in the mammalian kidney, from collection of filtrate to elimination of urine. Relate the regional differences in nephron function to the regional difference in nephron and kidney structure. Explain how antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affect the nephron and the formation of urine.Explanation / Answer
D. Formation of urine
Urine formation seen in 3 stages. Which are filtration, reabsorption, secretion.
Filtration:non selective passive process. Water and solutes smaller than protein are forced through the capillary walls and pores of glomerular capsule into renal tubule.
Reabsorption:removes useful solutes from filtrate, return them to blood.
Secretion:removes additional waste from blood add them to filtrate
Then water conservation seen in collecting tubule.in which water removes from urine and returns to blood and concentrate waste after this urine carried to bladder.
Nephron loop in cortical nephron are short, does not extend far into medulla they are 85% and juxtaglomerular nephron are long, extend deep into renal pyramids they helps in concentrated urine formation.
ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in blood. It stimulates water reabsorbtion by mainly acting on collecting duct.
Renin angiotensin system controls blood pressure. And fluid balance in body. It increases the volume of extracellular fluid in body which increases blood pressure.
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