(1) Please name and define at least three organelles that are present in plant c
ID: 27294 • Letter: #
Question
(1) Please name and define at least three organelles that are present in plant cells but missing in animal cells. Explain why, in each case, you believe a plant would need these organelles for their survival but not an animal cell. (2) What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum? (3) Please discuss the fate of a potato that has been submerged into a hypotonic solution; a hypertonic solution; and an isotonic solution. (i.e., In which solution will the potato shrink, swell, or stay the same?) (4) Discuss the basic principle of diffusion. (5) What are the key differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?Explanation / Answer
One of the primary differences between animal and plant cells is that plant cells have a cell wall made up of cellulose. This helps the plant cells to allow high pressure to build inside of it, without bursting. A plant cell has to be able to accept large amounts of liquid through osmosis, without being destroyed. An animal cell does not have this cell wall. If you start to fill the animal cell with too much distilled water or other fluid, it will eventually pop 2) Rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough under a microscope because it has particles called ribosomes attached to its surface. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps in the manufacture of fat molecules, or lipids and they help in building the cell membrane. 3) Osmosis is a process that occurs at a cellular level that entails the spontaneous net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration in order to equalize the level of water in each region. Involved in this process are hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. A hypotonic solution is one with a lower osmotic pressure, indicating that the net movement of water moves into the said solution whereas a hypertonic solution is one with a higher osmotic pressure, thus the net movement of water will be leaving the hypertonic solution. Lastly, an isotonic solution entails no net movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane as the two substances involved display osmotic equilibrium.
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