An interesting question is whether or not certain foods can provide sufficient c

Question

An interesting question is whether or not certain foods can provide sufficient carbohydrate, affect insulin minimally, and also encourage fat use for energy.

Many studies have investigated the ergogenic value of consuming carbohydrate before, during, or after an exercise bout. There is overwhelming evidence that carbohydrate consumption before and/or during prolonged exercise can enhance endurance performance.

10 State briefly why this is so, and what metabolic pathways are involved in processing the carbohydrate. before, during, or after an exercise bout

Thus, a typical recommendation for the daily diet of athletes is to increase carbohydrate intake to at least 60% of the energy in the food ingested or to ingest at least 7 g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight. There are also recommendations about the amount and frequency of carbohydrate consumption during exercise (e.g., Walberg - Rankin, 1995), but these recommendations typically do not include any comment on the specific type of carbohydrate that should be consumed. The remainder of this review will summarize the evidence that consuming different types of carbohydrate causes different effects on exercise metabolism and, possibly, performance.

11. Increased carbohydrate intake by athletes prior to competition is called carbohydrate loading. Research on the internet and submit a comprehensive essay on carbohydrate loading

Explanation / Answer

10). Carbohydrates are the organic molecules with the molecular formula (CH2O)n and are literally carbon hydrates. So, they do not contain nitrogen and phosphorus. Carbohydrates undergo the following metabolic processes.

a. Glycolysis: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate to generate ATP.

b. Pentose phosphate pathway: Regenerates NADPH from pentoses and hexoses.

c. Glycogenesis: Conversion of glucose into glycogen in the presence of insulin.

d. Glycogenolysis: Breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the presence of glucagon

e. Gluconeogenesis: Synthesis of glucose from the other organic molecules.

Before exercise, oxidative phosphorylation (glycolysis) is the primary mode of providing energy. During exercise, aerobic cellular respiration and glycolysis (anaerobic) are the primary means of producing energy.

11). Excess glucose is stored as muscle or liver glycogen, which can be broken down to supply energy during the event. Glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen under the influence of insulin when the ATP/ ADP ratio is high. The high levels of blood glucose stimulate the release of insulin and thus, promote glycogenesis. Before competitive events, "carb-load" is done to increase the stores of glycogen in the muscle and liver. The glycogenolysis provides energy when more ATP is needed by the cell.

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