These are the notes from the lesson. Please answer the questions below.... Lipid

Question

These are the notes from the lesson.

Please answer the questions below....

Lipids

Lipids, including fats, are made of glycerols and fatty acids. These molecules contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

When we eat fats, our digestive system breaks them down into glycerol and fatty acids. These are then carried in the blood stream and enter cells. If no carbohydrates are available then fat is used for energy. Otherwise fat is stored by the body for later use. (Fats are used by the body as long-term energy storage.)

(1.3) Fats serve as part of cell membranes, protect vital organs, insulate the body, and store energy for future use. Because of their structure and large number of carbon-hydrogen bonds, fats have about 9 kcal/gram of energy, which is twice the energy of carbohydrates or proteins. But, because they are comprised mostly of hydrocarbons (and thus aren't water soluble) they are harder for the body to break down.

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. Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are made made up of a monomer known as nucleotides. The main functions of nucleotides are:

1. Information storage (DNA)

2. Protein synthesis (RNA)

3. Energy transfers (ATP and NAD)

Nucleotides are made up of three parts:

1. a nitrogenous base

2. a five carbon sugar

3. a phosphate group

There are five nitrogenous bases, three purine (adenine, guanine, and cytosine) and two pyrimidine (thymine and uracil). The two sugars used are ribose or deoxyribose. (That's where the D in DNA and the R in RNA come from.)

Mainly what we are referring to when we talk about nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. DNA is the physical carrier of heredity for 99% of living organisms. It has four of the nitrogenous bases, which are referred to by letters rather than by their entire name: C, G, A, and T. We will be talking about this (and RNA) much more when we come to the unit on genetics.

RNA, on the other hand, has the bases C, G, A, and U. There are three different kinds of RNA, which are used in the creation of proteins.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) takes the information from a single strand of DNA and brings it to the ribosome.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the place where the protein will be made.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports in the amino acids in the right order to build the protein.

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Answer the questions 6 and 7 please I need Helppppp!!!!!

6.  What is the name, abbreviation, and function for each of the three types of RNA?

7.  Why are fats used as long-term energy storage instead of carbohydrates or proteins?

Explanation / Answer

6.

mRNA = Messanger RNA: It is the coding RNA that serves as the template for the production of all proteins in the cell.

rRNA = Ribosomal RNA: It is a structural component of the ribosome that participates in the translation process. The RNA component of the ribosome has the peptidyl transferase activity.

tRNA = Transfer RNA: It is also known as adapter RNA. It helps in bringing amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

7. Fats are preferred choice as the reserve storage foods because,

i. They are hydrophobic in nature. So, they do not require/absorb water for storage (Less hydration). As they are insoluble in water, they are transported via lipoproteins in the blood. So, they do not increase blood pressure while transportation.

ii. They are highly reduced form of energy-rich compounds. They release more energy compared to carbohydrates or proteins.

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