Question 20 to 24 is 6 points each- 6x5-30, Question 25 is 10 points 20. Explain

Question

Question 20 to 24 is 6 points each- 6x5-30, Question 25 is 10 points 20. Explain how translation is initiated and terminated in the eukaryotes. 21. How position effect variegation was first identified using fruit fly as the model system 22. Explain how the CRISPR-Cas9 system works in bacteria. 23. Look at the experiment below with Frog Embryos. A. Fill in the blanks (low/ moderate/ High MyoD) B. what was the conclusion from the experiment? o somite cells expreing Mo enuclented egg danor Nenepes embrye nudear transfer two cell stage embrye no injection (control inject normal M3.3 mRNA nject mutant stage embryes ceils analyzed for MyeD expression and for H3.3 histone on MtyeD promoter

Explanation / Answer

Ans 20) Initiation of translation in eukaryotes – During this stage the ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA that initiates the process of translation. The tRNA carries methionine and attaches to small ribosomal subunit. They bind together to the 5’-end of the mRNA by recognizing the 5’-GTP cap and move along the 3” direction in the mRNA until it reaches the stop codon where the translation stops. This means the addition of the amino acid to the growing sequence stops at this point.

Termination of translation in eukaryotes – The formation or elongation of the polypeptide chain stops and this is known as the termination. It is a process when the stop codon enters the A-site in the ribosome. The stop codons are also known as release factors that fit the P –site and interferes with the enzyme that forms the peptide bonds. They add water molecule to the last amino acid of the chain leading to the separation of the chain from the tRNA and leads to release of newly made protein.

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