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RAK, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $250,000. Earning

ID: 2767451 • Letter: R

Question

RAK, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $250,000. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $40,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 20 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 20 percent lower. RAK is considering a $105,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 4 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 10,000 shares outstanding. Ignore taxes for questions a and b. Assume the company has a market-to-book ratio of 1.0.

a1- Calculate return on equity (ROE) under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued.

a2- Calculate the percentage changes in ROE when the economy expands or enters a recession.

Assume the firm goes through with the proposed recapitalization.

b1- Calculate the return on equity (ROE) under each of the three economic scenarios.

b2- Calculate the percentage changes in ROE when the economy expands or enters a recession.

Assume the firm has a tax rate of 35 percent.

c1- Calculate return on equity (ROE) under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued.

c2- Calculate the percentage changes in ROE when the economy expands or enters a recession.

c3- Calculate the return on equity (ROE) under each of the three economic scenarios assuming the firm goes through with the recapitalization.

c4- Given the return on equity (ROE) under each of the three economic scenarios assuming the firm goes through with the recapitalization.

Explanation / Answer

Part A

Calculation of EPS before any Debt issue is shown In the following table:

Recession

Normal

Expansion

EMT

32,000

40,000

48,000

Less: Interest

0

0

0

EST

32,000

40,000

48,000

Less: Taxes

0

0

0

Net Income(A)

32,000

40,000

48,000

Shareholders’ equity(B)

250,000

250,000

250,000

ROE (A/B)

0.128

0.16

0.192

Percentage change in ROE when Economy changes from Normal to Expansion: Percentage change = (ROE under Expansion— ROE under Normal) / ROE under Normal *100 = (0.192 —0.16/0.16*100 = 20%

Percentage change in ROE when Economy changes from Normal to Recession: Percentage change = (ROE under recession— ROE under Normal)/ ROE under Normal* 100

= (0.128-0.16)/0.16*100 = - 20%

Part b

To calculate the revised ROE, we need to calculate the revised number of outstanding shares. The company would utilize the amount of $60,000 to repurchase stock which will reduce the number of outstanding shares. The revised outstanding shares have been calculated as follows:

Current Market Value of Stock = Total Market Value/Number of Shares= 250,000/10,000 = $25 per share

Number of Shares Bought Back = Value of Debt/Current Market Value of Stock =105,000/25 = 4,200 shares

Revised Number of Shares Outstanding= Current Shares Outstanding - Number of Shares Bought Back = 10,000 -4,200 =5,800 shares

Calculation of ROE after Debt issue is shown in the following table

Recession

Normal

Expansion

EBIT

32,000

40,000

48,000

Less: Interest (105,000*4%)

4,200

4,200

4,200

EBT

27,800

35,800

43,800

Less: Taxes

0

0

0

Net income(A)

27,800

35,800

43,800

Shareholders’ equity(b)

145,000

145,000

145,000

ROE

0.191

0.2469

0.302

Percentage Change in ROE when Economy Changes from Normal to Expansion:

Percentage Change = (ROE under Expansion - ROE under Normal)/ROE under Normal*100

= (0.302 -0.247)/0.247*100 = 22.34%

Percentage Change in ROE when Economy Changes from Normal to Recession:

Percentage Change = (ROE under Recession- ROE under Normal)/ROE under Normal*100

= (0.191 -0.2469)/0.2469*100 =-22

Recession

Normal

Expansion

EMT

32,000

40,000

48,000

Less: Interest

0

0

0

EST

32,000

40,000

48,000

Less: Taxes

0

0

0

Net Income(A)

32,000

40,000

48,000

Shareholders’ equity(B)

250,000

250,000

250,000

ROE (A/B)

0.128

0.16

0.192