Describe how an outside hormone might induce the nucleus of a cell to produce a

Question

Describe how an outside hormone might induce the nucleus of a cell to produce a protein. Then transport it out of a cell.   Include the following terms:

mRNA processing                                    tyrosine kinase receptor                                    translation

acetylation                                                 specific transcription factor                             exocytosis

protein phosphorylation cascade          methylation                                                         control element TATA box                                                    Golgi apparatus microtubule micro RNA                                                  30 nm packing                                                      histones

general transcription factors                transduction pathway                                         alternative RNA splicing                                                        ribosome                                                              activator                                                 signal recognition particle                       endoplasmic reticulum.

Explanation / Answer

Hormone are chemical messanger that relies message to cell that display specific receptor for each hormone and resond to the signal. Here, hormone bind to tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor which in turn undergoes autophosphorylation and activate signaling molecule which further activate transcription factor which enter into nucleus. Nucleus DNA is tightly packed with histone so no site is accessible to transcription factor. Transcription factors once enter into nucleus bind to specific tanscription site become accessible to factor ,and then binding of general transcription factor to TATA box to intiate transcription of the gene and produce mRNA. This mRNA undergoes processing such as addition of 5' cap and poly A tail at 3' end with splicing of intron or alternative splicing to produce different product from same gene. Now , this mRNA enter into cytoplasm , where free ribosome attach to it and translation start. During this process 16-30 residue signal sequence bind to it at N terminus and direct ribosome toward rough endoplasmic reticulum. Two protein signal recognition partical and its receptor help in translocation of growing polypeptide in ER lumen. This signal sequence intiate transport of growing polypeptide in the lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Further processing and folding of protein occur in ER lumen , now this newly made secretary protein packaged in small transpirt vesicle and fuse into cis golgi network , then further go from cis to trans golgi and then to trans golgi network. Then this again packed in vesical and fuse with plasma membrane and release outside by exocytosis.

This pathway followed by secretary protein to exported out of the cell.

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