What do we call chemically identical alleles? What are the two types? What do we

Question

What do we call chemically identical alleles? What are the two types? What do we call chemically alternative alleles? What are the four possible ABO blood types for humans (phenotypes)? If you have blood type A, what are your two possible genotypes? If you have blood type B, what are your two possible genotypes? Which two alleles are dominant (codominance)? (A, B or O) Which allele is recessive? (A, B or O)

In humans, is Rh+ or Rh- the dominant allele?

What letter is used to represent Rh+/Rh- blood groups?

The subject is Anthropology but there was no option so I hit biology to post the questions??

Explanation / Answer

An organism having chemically identical genes is called "Homozygous" for that gene, while an organism having chemically alternate or different allele is called "Heterozygous" for that gene.

ABO blood grouping in humans is an example of co-dominant alleles, where the allele for blood group A and B are co-dominant to each other and allele for blood group O is recessive to the alleles for both A and B. Thus, a person with blood type A can have 2 possible genotypes as IaIa, i.e., homozygous genotype or IaIo, i.e., heterozygous genotype. Similarly, a person with blood type B can also have 2 possible genotypes as IbIb, i.e., homozygous genotype or IbIo, i.e., heterozygous genotype. If the person is heterozygous for both A and B blood groups, i.e., if genotype is IaIb, then the blood group of the person will be AB.

The presence or absence of Rh antigen in the blood group is specified by +/- signs. Rh+ allele is the dominant allele, i.e, it's presence in either homozygous or heterozygous condition will cause the person to have Rh+ blood group.

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