Which of the following events occurs earliest in B cell development? migration o

Question

Which of the following events occurs earliest in B cell development?

migration out of the bone marrow

somatic hypermutation

V(D)J recombination

class switching

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QUESTION 20

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Which of the cell types, below, are most associated with immune responses to intracellular pathogens?

Th1 and CTLs

Th2 and CTLs

Th1 and Th2

CTLs

Th1

Th2

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QUESTION 21

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An individual is treated with antibodies that bind to PD-1. This person then suffers some side effects of the treatment. What is the most likely side effect?

bacterial infections

fungal infections

viral infections

autoimmunity

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QUESTION 22

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Which of the following molecules is expressed by most cells in the body and not primarily by cells of the blood lineages?

MHC class I

MHC class II

CTLA-4

B7-1

unanswered

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QUESTION 23

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Which of the statements below best describes the primary immune function of CTLs?

CTLs secrete IL-17, which promotes tissue inflammation.

CTLs activate the antiviral state in their target cells.

CTLs activate apoptosis in their target cells.

CTLs trigger mast cell degranulation.

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Explanation / Answer

Ans) a) V(D) J recombination – The V(D)J recombination is a unique type of mechanisms that involves genetic recombination and is the first stage to the developing of the B-cells. It takes place during the early stages of development of the T and B-cells.

Ans 20) TH1 – The helper T-Cell 1 responses are mostly involved in the intracellular elimination of the pathogens. The response is characterized by production of interferon gamma that activates the bactericidal activities of macrophages. They act against mostly the intracellular pathogens.

Ans 21) Viral Infection – There are many cases where it is seen that as a side effect, one is prone to viral infections.

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