The following is from a Mosquito Dunks® label. Mosquito Dunks® are used to contr
ID: 278637 • Letter: T
Question
The following is from a Mosquito Dunks® label. Mosquito Dunks® are used to control mosquito larvae populations in standing water.
ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis, Serotype H-14 primary powder,
7000 Aedes aegypti international toxic units (ITU) per milligram (dry weight basis) 10%
INERT INGREDIENTS................................................................................ 90%
1. The active ingredient in Bti products is a crystalline protein protoxin produced byBacillusthuringiensis subspeciesisraelensis______.
a.endospores
b.bacteria
2. Bt bioinsecticides are toxic to insect larvae that eat them, but are not toxic to humans and other animals because.....
a.the B. thuringiensis protoxin is activated only in the basic environment of the insect gut.
b.humans are much larger than insects and are less likely to be affected.
c.humans eat very little of the product, while insect larvae at a lot of it.
d.Actually, Bt insecticides are toxic when eaten by humans and other animals.
3. Nolo Bait®, which contains spores of the obligate intracellular fungusNosema locustae, has been licensed by the EPA as a control measure for grasshoppers. Nolo Bait is also called “Grasshopper Spore.” N. locustae spores and bacterial spores are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
a. Both spores are used for reproduction.
b.All of the above are true of both types of spores.
c.Both spores can remain viable in the environment for long periods of time.
d.Both spores remain inert under adverse conditions.
4. What unusual cellular characteristic does N. locustae share with the protist Mixotricha paradoxa, the organism discussed in the article “A Russian Doll of Symbiosis?”
5. Photorhabdus luminescens is perhaps the most unusual microbe yet proposed to be used as a bioinsecticide. Photorhabdus luminescens and the microscopic wormHeterohabditis bacteriophora are______(select one: nematode worms/wax worms/symbionts/bacteria). TheP. luminescens_____ (select one: nematode worms/wax worms/bacterium). lives in a ______(select one: nematode worms/wax worms/bacterial) host. This host then parasitizes an insect larva, and the ______(select one: nematode worms/wax worms/bacteria) within it produce _____(select one: spores/bacteria/toxins) that kill the _______(select one: nematode worm/wax worm/bacterium).
6. The relationship exhibited by P. luminescent bacteria and the nematode worm Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is a good example of ________.
a.parasitism
b.mutualism
c.commensalism
Explanation / Answer
1.Bacteria is correct. It releases bacteria which is toxic to all mosquito larvae.
2 a is correct. These require basic environment and in human acidic environment present.
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