Thus far, you have primarily studied microbes in a medical capacity and have exp

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Thus far, you have primarily studied microbes in a medical capacity and have explored many disease-causing microorganisms. Prokaryotes are deeply connected to the environment, and humans depend on them in a variety of ways. In your unit Assignment, you will explore important roles that microorganisms play in the world around you. Your Reading for this unit will serve as an excellent resource for examples and information Assignment Instructions 1. Define and describe bioremediation. What is it, and how does it help the environment? 2. Discuss two examples of specific microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.) that are used to remove pollutants through bioremediation. Provide the scientific name (genus and species) of the two microbes selected, and briefly describe thein role in bioremediation. 3. Bioremediation can come in many forms. There are many approaches that can be taken to address diverse perspectives while also providing benefits to the broader community. In a summary paragraph: . Discuss two examples in which bioremediation can be used to meet a global challenge . Discuss the benefits of each example (for example, there are different approaches to reducing water pollution or improving the health of the environment) . What are the benefits of each approach? You have the option of presenting your Assignment in one of the following three formats: a. Word document: Submit a 700-900 word paper in APA format including an introduction, conclusion, and in-text citations and reference nane

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Hi Answer:

Q.1.Define and describe bioremediation. What is it, and how does it help the environment?

Answer: Bioremediation is the process to remediate the polluted environment with the help of microorganisms/plant. In this process, various microbial or plant species consume the pollutant as their energy or carbon source and either degrade it or transform it to its less harmful form.

Q.2.Describe two examples of specific microorganisms (bacteria, fungi etc.) that are used to remove pollutants through bioremediation. Provide the scientific name (genus and species) of the two microbes selected and briefly provide their role in bioremediation?

Answer: Two example of microbial species are as follows:

(i). Rhodococcus rhodochoous PA-34: This bacterial species is used to degrade the nitrile pollution from the environment. This microorganism produces three type of enzymes i.e. (Nitrilase, amidase, and nitrile hydratase) which catalyzes the biotransformation reaction and convert the nitrile substrate to their corresponding amides.

(ii) Pseudomonas puitda M39: It is the microbial strain isolated from South China Sea sediments and has efficient ability to metabolize 17 beta-estradiol (E2) which is a steroid hormone present in polluted water. It uses E2 as a sole carbon source and bio-transform it into estrone (E1) which is less toxic than the E2.

Q.3.Bioremediation can come in many forms. There are many approaches that can be taken to address diverse perspectives while also providing benefits to the broader community. In a summary paragraph.

Discuss two examples in which bioremediation can be used to meet the global challenges. And discuss the benefits of each example and approach [all parts are combined together]

Answer: As described above the bioremediation process is the process to transform the toxic pollutants to less toxic from with the help of microbial species. During bioremediation microorganisms either consume the pollutant as carbon source or release some metabolizing enzymes which metabolize the pollutant to the corresponding by-products. The two bioremediation examples are:

(i) Bioremediation of steroid pollution from water environment. Steroid estrogen hormones are released from animal and human waste and reaches to our water body. These steroid estrogens affect the aquatic ecosystem and causes sex reversal in animals such as fish so that male fishes start behaving like females and the population is decreasing. To tackle this problem several microbial species has been identified or characterized which efficiently biotransform these estrogens into less toxic one. Example of some estrogen degraders are: Rhodococcus P-14 and Pseudomonas puitda M39. In this approach, the degradation of steroids is growth linked where organism used the steroid pollutant for their growth.

(ii) Water oil contamination bioremediation: As we know that the oil spillage in the oceans is the big pollution problem. It disturb the aquatic ecosystem by making the layer on water surface due to which species live in oceans didn’t get proper sunlight as well as there is reduction in the oxygen content in ocean water. To degrade the oil from the sea various oil-degrading microbial strains have been isolated in past two decades. These organisms consume oil as their energy source and reduce the quantity of this spilled oil from water. Example of oil-degrading microbial strains is Achromobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Alcaligenes sp., Archrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp.

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