30. (4 points) Please match the first column with the second column accordingly:

Question

30. (4 points) Please match the first column with the second column accordingly: A. Strict aerobes 1. Use only fermentation but have ROS defense proteins 2. Perfom aerobic respiration and fermentation C. Facultative anaerobes 3. Use O2 as the terminal electron acceptor in the D. Aerotolerant anaerobes 4. Grow only at low oxygen concentrations. electron transport chain Ans: A. B. :C. :D Short Answer Questions. Do not provide more information then what is asked for in the question. It will not be graded. For example if a question asks you to provide a list of 2 items only include 2 items. If more than 2 items are provided, only the first 2 in the list will be graded. 31. (2 points) What type of staining is Acid fast staining and what is it used for? 32. (12 points) Describe the structure of peptidoglycan of Gram-positive bacteria in detail (You can draw it, as long as you label it correctly - no credit will be given to an unlabeled drawing).

Explanation / Answer

30.A) 3

b) 4

c) 2

d) 1

31. It is the differential staining techniques, developed by Ziehl and later on modified by Neelsen. Hence, this method is also called Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The foremost aim of this staining method is to differentiate bacteria into the acid fast group and non-acid fast groups. This method is used for those microorganisms which are not stained by simple or Gram staining method, especially the member of genus Mycobacterium (having mycolic acid cytoplasm), are resistant and can only be visualized by acid-fast staining.

32.

usually lack appendages

while performing Gram staining, these thick, multiple layered(20–80 nm) peptidoglycans retain the dark purple primary stain crystal violet, whereas Gram-negative bacteria stain pink.

Cell wall 20-80 nm thick, Teichoic acid present cell shape sphere, rods, filamentous Reproduction binary fission Metabolism usually chemoorganoheterophic motility mostly motile appendages

usually lack appendages

endospore some group form endospore.

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