The innate immune system does not have a way of specifically recognizing pathoge

Question

The innate immune system does not have a way of specifically recognizing pathogens. Rather, it "profiles" potential pathogens by responding to molecular features common to certain kinds of bacteria.

a) Since we have a far more specific and flexible defense mechanism in the form of the adaptive immune response, why do we need the older innate immune system?

b) Give an example of a molecule on a gram-negative bacterium that would be recognized by the innate immune system as dangerous. Explain how the innate immune system would recognize that molecule (including molecule(s) and what steps are likely to ensue

c) What do NK (natural killer cells) do to protect against bacterial infection?

Explanation / Answer

The innate immune system is made up of defenses aginst the infections that can be activated immediatly once a pathogen attacks. The innate immune system essentially made up of barriers that ami to kees viruses, bacteria, parasite and pther pathogen particals out of the body or limit their ability to spread and move through out the body, The innate immune system includes.

Physical barriers, Such as skin, Gastrointestinal track, The Respiratory track, Cilia, Eyelashes and other body hair.

Defense Mechanisam. Such as secretions,Mucous, bile, Gastric juice, saliva, tears , and sweat

General immunu response. Such as inflammation, compliment, and nospecific cellular response.

Cells involved in innate immune response are NK, NKT, Macrophages, Mast cells, Neutrophils.Dendritic cells.

Cell wall components like Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on Gram-Negetive bacteria are recognized by TLR4 receptor on Macrophages that leads to the production of TNFalpha , IL12, NO, IL10 .from macrophage they inturn activate the other immune cells to clear the pathogen.

NK cells are initially known to involve in the killing of tumor cells and virus infected cells but recent research shows that they are also involved in antibacterial response.INF gama is the predominant cytokine produced by the NK cells. INFgama is the key contributor to the antibacterial immune defense.

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