4. How are the structures of DNA and RNA similar? How are they different? Be tho

Question

4. How are the structures of DNA and RNA similar? How are they different? Be thorough and detailed in your explanation A certain template DNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence 3-TACGATTCTACAGGA-5 5 a What would be the nucleotide sequence of the complementary nontemplate DNA strand? Take the template strand through the process of transcription including the codons that are made and the location that it occurs in the cell Take the template strand through the process of translation including the location b c What are the main types of mutations that we talked about in fecture? each type of mutation have on the polypeptide product produced? (Hint You do not need to discuss mutations that were not discussed in the lecture ) 6 What effect can

Explanation / Answer

Similarities between DNA and RNA :

1. Both DNA and RNA are formed from nucleotides . Nucleotide are the organic component which are responsible for forming DNA and RNA.

2. Both DNA and RNA contain pentose sugars. Pentose sugar is a five carbon monosachharide, in case of DNA and RNA both have ribose sugar as their main structural component.

3. Both DNA and RNA contain nitrogenous bases. Three of them are common in both: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine.

4. Both DNA and RNA contain phosphate groups (phosphoric acid).

Differences between DNA and RNA :

1. RNA is single stranded molecule , where as DNA is a double stranded molecule.

2. RNA is the polymer of ribonucleotides , but DNA is the polymer of polydeoxyribonucleotides.

3. DNA contain Thymine as a one of their nitrogen base, but RNA contain Uracil instead of Thymine.

4. In DNA Thymine pairs with Adenine. ( Pairing pattern : Adenine - Thymine, Cytosine - Guanine ). But in RNA Adenine pairs with Uracil. (Pairing pattern : Adenine - Uracil, Cytosine - Guanine).

5. DNA double helix molecule abides by the Chargoff rule (Adenine and Guanine bases equal respectively the Thymine and Cytosine bases in number), but the single stranded RNA molecule does not necessarily abide by the Chargoff rule.

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