5 A certain template DNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence 3-TACGATTC

Question

5 A certain template DNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence 3-TACGATTCTACAGGA-5 a. What would be the nucleotide sequence of the complementary nontemplate DNA strand? Take the template strand through the process of transcription including the codons that are made and the location that it occurs in the cell Take the template strand through the process of translation including the location in the cell. You should finish with a polypeptide chain b c 6 What are the main types of mutations that we talked about in lecture? each type of mutation have on the polypeptide product produced? (Hint You do not need to discuss mutations that were not discussed in the lecture) What effect can

Explanation / Answer

DNA is made of two strands which are anti-parallel to each other. One of the strands acts as the template/ sense strand which contain the code for synthesizing mRNA and proteins. The other strand is called as the non-template strand/ anti-sense strand, and it contains nucleotides which are complementary to the template strand. The process of transcription is the production of an mRNA molecule using the code on the template strand. The mRNA will have the same genetic makeup as that of the template strand. Further, it will undergo a process called splicing in which the introns are removed and the exons are joined together to form a mature mRNA molecule.

The entire process takes place in the nucleus of the cell. Once the mRNA is complete, it moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where it is conjoined to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, and proteins are synthesized according the codons on the mRNA. Using this information, the solutions for the questions are –

The code on complementary strand therefore would be: 3’ – TCCTGTAGAATCGTA – 5’

a.
The template strand code is – 3’-TACGATTCTACAGGA-5’
reversing the code, we get: 5’ – AGGACATCTTAGCAT – 3’

Therefore, the codons of transcript: 5’ – AGGACAUCUUAGCAU – 3’

b.
The transcripted mRNA strand would have the same code as that of the template DNA strand.
The difference would be that Thymine would be replaced by Uracil

c.
During translation, the codons are read by tRNA and polypeptide is made.
In above examples, the code is: 5’ – AGG/ACA/UCU/UAG/CAU – 3’
There are five codons, namely – AGG, ACA, UCU,UAG, and CAU
These codons correspond to the amino acids - Arg, Thr, Ser, STOP, His

However, the tRNA will stop at the 4th position, and will not synthesize His, since there is a stop codon prior to His.

The peptide code will therefore be: Arg – Thr - Ser

The code on complementary strand therefore would be: 3’ – TCCTGTAGAATCGTA – 5’

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