1) Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than directly using the ener
ID: 282396 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than directly using the energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates to power cellular reactions? What are the greatest drawbacks to harnessing energy from the bonds of several different compounds?
a)ATP is readily available in the form of a single unit that provides a consistent, appropriate amount of energy. The cell would need to tailor each reaction to each energy source if it harvested energy from different compounds.
b) ATP energy cannot activate the ROS dependent stress response whereas food molecules are responsible for activating ROS.
c) ATP is low in energy, but food molecules possess higher levels of energy that cells can use.
d) ATP is readily available to cells, unlike compounds that have to first be phosphorylated in order to release their energy.
2) What role does NAD+NAD+ play in redox reactions?
a) NAD+, an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons and protons from organic molecules and get reduced to NADH.
b) NAD+, a reducing agent, can donate its electrons and protons to organic molecules.
c) NAD+, an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons from organic molecules and get reduced to NADH2.
d) NAD+, a reducing agent, can donate its electrons and protons to inorganic molecules.
3) Which statement best explains the process taking place in the following general reaction?
A+enzyme+ATP?[A~enzyme~P]?B+enzyme+ADP+phosphate ion
a) Phosphorylation of substrate AA harvests energy to produce substrate BB, ADP, and inorganic phosphate.
b) Phosphorylation of substrate BB using ATP and an enzyme produces the phosphate-containing substrate BB, ADP, and inorganic phosphate.
c) Dephosphorylation of substrate AA using an enzyme and ATP produces substrate BB, ADP, and a phosphate ion.
d) Dephosphorylation of substrate BB using phosphatase enzymes produces dephosphorylated substrate BB, ADP, and a phosphate ion.
Explanation / Answer
1 a) ATP is readily available in the form of a single unit that provides a consistent, appropriate amount of energy. The cell would need to tailor each reaction to each energy source if it harvested energy from different compounds.
2. c) NAD+, an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons from organic molecules and get reduced to NADH2.
3. c) Dephosphorylation of substrate AA using an enzyme and ATP produces substrate BB, ADP, and a phosphate ion.
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