Q4. (a) Describe four factors that can contribute to \'surge\' at the coastline,
ID: 284844 • Letter: Q
Question
Q4. (a) Describe four factors that can contribute to 'surge' at the coastline, explaining how they are caused. (8 marks) (b) What are the main mechanisms for the generation of tsunamis? (2 marks) (c) A tsunami is observed travelling in a 3km deep basin with a height of 0.6m and period of 25minutes. wave Calculate the wavelength and wave speed of the observed (3 marks) (d) Assuming that the tsunami is normally incident, without refraction, upon a sloping seabed, show that the approximate depth in which the tsunami breaks, ds, is given by Where Ho-deep water wave height do- deep water depth y - wave breaking index State all assumptions you make. (6 marks) (e) Thus, calculate the wave height at breaking. Assume a suitable value for y (2 marks) (t) Wind blows along a fetch of length 30km at a speed of 40m/s. The water depth is 12m. Using the relationships in the data sheet calculate the wind set-up. (4 marks) END OF PAPERExplanation / Answer
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b)Tsunami era from submarine gravity mass flows is investigated the use of linear two-dimensional analytical fashions, a simplified slide geometry, and a prescribed sub-crucial slide speed. slide traits as most slide velocity, initial acceleration, slide length, and thickness, are all observed to determine the characteristics of the tsunami. consequences of dispersion typically become of juvenile practical significance. tsunamis due to retrogressive slides are generally smaller than forA similar fixed fashioned slide with the identical traits because of an multiplied length of slide mass mobilisation. however, above the rear of the slide, the floor elevation also can be improved for small time lags.tsunami era by using submarine slides had been a major challenge in the danger assessment for the ormen lange gasoline area off western norway. tsunamis are analysed with a numerical version supplemented by way of an analytical one. each fashions display how slide extensions and slide dynamicsImpact the tsunamigenic capacity for a large place. numerous combinations of slide parameters have been tested, and the manufactured from preliminary acceleration and the extent of the slide gave the satisfactory correlation with the maximum surface elevation for the close to coastal domain.
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