TRUE or FALSE A. In locations with continuous permafrost the active layer never

Question

TRUE or FALSE

A. In locations with continuous permafrost the active layer never melts.

B. Engineering solutions for problems with permafrost include thermosyphons and

insulation to aid in melting of permafrost.

C. An aquifer is an impermeable layer which serves as a confining layer above an aquiclude

which has the capacity for transmitting groundwater.

D. A spring is a place where the groundwater flows into the ground.

E. Oxbow lakes form when a mature meandering stream cuts off a meander.

F. Drumlins and roche moutonnees have the same overall shape however drumlins are

composed of till with and roche moutonnees are composed of rock.

G. Normal faults are caused by extensional tectonic forces and reverse faults are caused by

compressional tectonic forces.

H. The water velocity required to mobilize a grain of silt is greater than that which will

mobilize a grain of sand.

I. Quartz is a three dimensional arrangement of silica tetrahedra, while biotite is a chainlike

arrangement.

J. A mineral's color and streak are always a consistent and reliable property for

identification

Explanation / Answer

Ans (A) False

Explanation - The active layer is seasonally frozen. The middle zone is permanently frozen as "permafrost". And the bottom layer is where the geothermal temperature is above freezing.

Ans (B) True

Explanation - Soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering that are used in mild climates are based on soil temperatures above freezing point. Thermosyphons draw heat from the ground; this makes the liquid inside the tube turn into a gas, which then moves up the tube and transfers the heat to the air.

Ans (C) False

Explanation - An aquifer is a body of saturated rock through which water can easily move. Aquifers must be both permeable and porous and include such rock types as sandstone, conglomerate, fractured limestone and unconsolidated sand and gravel.
A confined (artesian) aquifer is an aquifer bounded both at the bottom and at the top by an impermeable stratum ( aquiclude) and fully filled with water.

And aquiclude is related terms include aquitard, which is a bed of low permeability along an aquifer, and aquiclude (or aquifuge), which is a solid, impermeable area underlying or overlying an aquifer. If the impermeable area overlies the aquifer, pressure could cause it to become a confined aquifer.

Ans (D) True

Explanation - When groundwater makes its way to the earth's surface and emerges as small water holes or wet spots, this feature is referred to as a spring.

Ans (E) True

Explanation - Meandering streams develop in relatively flat areas, such as a floodplain, and where sediment consists primarily of fine sands, silts, and muds.Formed in mature stage.

Ans (F) True

Explanation -
A Drumlins is elongated hill believed to have been formed by the streamlined movement of glacial ice sheets across rock debris, or till.
A Roche moutonnee is a rock hill shaped by the passage of ice to give a smooth up-ice side and a rough, plucked and cliff-girt surface on the down-ice side.

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