Species Diversity in Xanthoanthe X abortiva (#21) Rare and limited to upland swa

Question

Species Diversity in Xanthoanthe X abortiva (#21) Rare and limited to upland swamp or pond edges; decumbent herb; leaves sparsely pubescent; calyx e corolla; fruits more or less normal size but with abortive seeds; pollen abortive; plant sterile but reproducing by occasional vegetative runners to form clones; chromosomes 2 metaphase n 22, not pairing normally at meiotic X alba not pictured): Only two plants ever discovered, these in association with X. grandica/yr (#11), which it resembles in all number or make breeding experiments.) respects except for its white flower color. (Lack of material made it impossible to determine chromosome ava #20): Common in upland forests, occasionally along forest edges; erect, single-stemmed herb, leaves glabrous; calyx about 1/6 the length of the corolla; pollen fertile; chromosomes 2n- 14 X. grandicalyx #11 : Extremely abundant in upland meadows two-stemmed herb; leaves densely pubescent, calyx about 56 the length of the corolla, pollen fertile; chromosomes 2n = 14 X. multicaulis #16): Common, but limitedto swamp pond edges, decumbent herb closely resembling X. abortiva (#21). including the sparsely pubescent leaves; pollen fertile but larger than in the other species; fruits of normal size with normal seeds; chromosomes 2-44 and pairing normally; plant sexually reproductive but also propagating by occasional runners #8) Very distinct plant, common at the edges of upland wamps and open ponds; creeping stoloniferous herb; X re leaves glabrous; calyx about equaling the corolla in length; pollen fertile; chromosomes 2n pens ser ata (#7): Common along upland forest edges; erect, two-stemmed herb leaves moderately pubescent, calyx about ·the length of the corolla; pollen fertile, chromosomes 2n 28. Experimental hybrids with X. gra dicalyx (#11 show chromosome pairing as follows: 7 pairs + 7 singles.

Explanation / Answer

Ans: Taxonomy tells how organisms are named and classified

Binomial is the two-part format of the scientific name of a species. First part: Genus.

Specific epithet(Second Part): Species

Example: Panthera pardus- Leopard scientific name
(First letter in the first word is capitalized and the whole thing is Italicized)

A taxon is the named taxonomic unit at any level of the hierarchy. Leopard: Panthera is a taxon at the genus level, Mammalia is a taxon at the class level. Taxa larger than the genus are not italicized but they are capitalized

A monophyletic group is a group that consists of a unique common ancestor and each and every one of its descendant species, but no other species. Monophyletic groups are everything on a single branch i.e., have an immediate common ancestor not shared with other groups.The present evolutionary theory says that a common history gives an objective reality to groups of organisms, and so today scientists attempt to name only monophyletic groups i.e., only monophyletic groups are treated as taxa. A monophyletic group or Clade is defined as a Taxon that consists of a unique common ancestor and each and every one of its descendant species, but no other species. A clade will always consist of a group of species that share a single common ancestor.

A branch point is a representation on a phylogenetic tree of the divergence of two or more taxa from a common ancestor. A branch point is usually shown as a dichotomy in which a branch representing ancestral lineage splits into two branches, one for each descendant lineage

A phylogenetic tree is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms that is represented by this type of tree branching diagram. Phylogenetic trees show patterns of descent rather than phenotypic similarity. Closely related organisms can resemble one another, but they may not if lineages have different evolution rates or lived in different conditions. An example includes crocodiles are more closely related to birds than lizards due to huge changes in morphology in bird lineage. Branch sequence does not tell the absolute ages of any species, purely just the lineage. It only shows that their most common ancestor lived before the most recent ancestor of the wolf and coyote. Taxon evolved from the taxon next to it, just that they share a common ancestor

Applying phylogenies: Corn most recent living ancestors have been identified and their alleles are being transferred cross-breeding and genetic engineering to corn in order to benefit the corn. A whale phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequences and looked at the DNA of 13 whale meat samples.

Homology is a shared ancestral trait version that exists in two species due to a common ancestor. While the analogy is a trait version (homoplasy) that arose in separate taxa not present in a common ancestor due to convergent evolution (similar selective pressures acting on them).

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