Voleanoes and Volcanic Harards Figure 4. Topographic profile of the volcano of M
ID: 287006 • Letter: V
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Voleanoes and Volcanic Harards Figure 4. Topographic profile of the volcano of Mauna Loa, Hawail. Gordon A Macdonald, Volcanoes (Engle wood Clifs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1972, figure 11.8b, p.273 Calderas Introduction Calderas are large basins formed by volcanic action. By definition, they are about 2 km or more n diameter. Ma magma chambers are rapidly drained by eruptions through one or more volcanic vents. During such an eruption the escape of large volumes of magma from beneath the surface removes support for the rock above. This rock then collapses, leaving the basin or caldera at the surface. Craier Lake an andesitic volcano in southern Oregon, is topped by a caldera 8 km across and with a water depth close to 600 m at its deepest and with some cliffs rising above lake level another 600 m (Figure 5). large calderas, many times larger than Crater Lake, are known, although no historical erup- g such a large caldera has been observed. There are a number, however, that are ge- for example, is one. It is located in a set tion olo of three nested calderas measuring 75 km long by 45 km wide. The most recent caldera event at Yellowstone occurred about 70,000 years ago. Present-day earthquakes, high heat flow, hot springs, and geysers show that the region is not yet at rest. y young. Yellowstone National Park Some very large calderas produce large volumes of rhyolitic magma erupted as volcanic ash and lava flows. The ash may spread over distances of hundreds of kilometers. For instance, in Yel- lowstone National Park rhyolite deposits of Pleistocene age reach thickness up to 1,500 m. The vol- ume of these eruptions was about 3,500 km2. In contrast, the relatively small Crater Lake explosion produced about 75 km of ash and lava.Explanation / Answer
question set 7:
i. the angle of slope of the flanks of volcano is more or less 15degree
ii. a) olympus mons volcano is a vary large shield type volcano on the planet mars.
b. olympus mons volcano is changing from nonexplosive to explosive volcano as it grew in height.
c. the type of rock that formed is probably basaltic
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