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Energy Conversions. I have the answers but I want someone to show me how to get

ID: 287217 • Letter: E

Question

Energy Conversions. I have the answers but I want someone to show me how to get the Pcal and Ktoe columns.

How specifically I convert the quantities and then use the calorific value to get the answers for Pcal and ktoe.

Refinery Refining input Crude oil (000 bbls) Natural gas (MNCFT) Refining output (000 bbls) Gasoline ATF (Avturbo) Kerosene Diesel Fuel oil LPG (ktons) OPP/Non energy Total output Total input Refinery gain Quantity Calorific value Energy Pcal ktoe 345868 8000 kcal/l 13219900 btu/cft 439.9441 2.9981 43994.4096 299.8069 73642 6432 58490 99781 24444 546 61735 kcal/bbl 1339000 1378000 1437000 1501000 1576000 12.96 ktoe/ktons 70.7616 1272000 98.6066 8.8633 84.0501 149.7713 38.5237 9860.6638 886.3296 8405.0130 4977.1281 3852.3744 7076.16 7852.692 52910.3609 78.5269 529.1036 442.9422 86.1614 44294.2165 8616.1444

Explanation / Answer

For crude oil

-345868 kilo barrels = -345868 * 103 barrels

1 barrel = 159 litres

Therefore, -345868 kilo barrels = -345868 * 103 * 159 = -54993012 * 103 L

Energy content = Q * CV = -54993012 * 103 * 8000 = -439944.1 * 109 kcal = -439.9441 * 1015 cal = -439.9441 Pcal

Remeber, 1 cal = 1.010-10 toe

-439.9441 Pcal = -439.9441 * 1015 cal = -439.9441 * 105 toe = -43994.41 ktoe

The same procedure is followed for all the remaining calculations.

For Natural Gas:

-13219 MNCFT = -13219 * 106 cft

Energy content = Q * CV = -13219 * 106 * 900 = -11897100 * 106 btu

WKT, 1 btu = 252 cal

Therefore, -11897100 * 106 btu = -2998069200 * 106 cal = -2.9981 * 1015 cal= -2.9981 Pcal

Remeber, 1 cal = 1.010-10 toe

-2.9981 Pcal = -2.9981 * 1015 cal = -2.9981 * 105 toe = -299.8069 ktoe

For LPG:

Q = 546 kton

Energy content = Q * CV = 546 * 12.96 = 7076.16 ktoe

Remeber, 1 ktoe = 1.0*1013 cal

Therefore, 7076.16 ktoe = 7076.16 *1013 cal = 70.7616 *1013 cal = 70.7616 Pcal