6. This question has two parts. (Part A) Vesto Slipher in the early 1900’s notic

Question

6. This question has two parts. (Part A) Vesto Slipher in the early 1900’s noticed that the light of galaxies is shifted toward what color? (Part B) Later, was it Hubble, Shapley, or Slipter who discovered that more distant galaxies have greater shifts in their light and move faster away from us??

I. (Part A) Red (Part B) Vesto Slipher

II. (Part A) Blue (Part B) Edwin Hubble

III. (Part A) Red (Part B) Edwin Hubble

IV. (Part A) Blue (Part B) Harlow Shapely V. (Part A) Blue (Part B) Vesto Slipher

VI. (Part A) Red (Part B) Harlow Shapely

7.Galaxies and superclusters of galaxies are getting further and further apart from each other doing. How is this occurring? A or B? A. They are flying apart from each other across space (or “spacetime”). B. Space between them (or “spacetime”) is stretching, making them further apart from each other.

8.What objects looked mostly like stars when first discovered, but turned out to be much further away and trillions of times brighter than stars? A. Active galaxies B. Black holes C. Pulsars D. Elliptical galaxies E. Quasars

9.How rapidly a quasar or any other light source fluctuates in brightness can allow us to estimate what property of the object? A. Age B. Size C. Distance D. Mass

Explanation / Answer

6. a. By measuring the longer wavelength red shift (objects moving away) and shorter wavelength blue shift (objects moving closer), Slipher demonstrated that the universe was not static. And the galaxies are explanding, thus Red.

b. In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced that almost all galaxies appeared to be moving away from us. In fact, he found that the universe was expanding - with all of the galaxies moving away from each other. This phenomenon was observed as a redshift of a galaxy's spectrum. This redshift appeared to be larger for faint, presumably further, galaxies.

7. Space between them is stretching, making them further apart from each other.

8. In the 1960's, astronomers discovered objects that are very bright, but also very far away, many 10 billion light-years away or more.These objects looked like stars, but were not. They later had the name QUASARS, which means something like in Latin. Astronomers concluded that they were active young galaxies with giant black holes at their centers. As enormous amounts of gas spiral towards the black hole, the gas heats up and shines brightly.

QUASAR

9. Distance : measuring the variance in a galaxy's light distribution arising from fluctuations in the numbers of and luminosities of individual stars

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