10. What is strongly indicated to exist at the center of nearly every large gala
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Question
10. What is strongly indicated to exist at the center of nearly every large galaxy – including galaxies that are NOT active galaxies? A. Black hole B. Active galactic nucleus C. Quasar D. Neutron star E. Supercluster F. Globular cluster
11.n the 1960’s, scientists detected a background of microwaves coming from every direction in the sky. This discovery confirmed what event that caused all this radiation a long time ago? A. The birth of galaxies B. The birth of the Sun C. The birth of the Solar System D. The birth of the largest black holes E. Inflation F. The Big Bang
12.Astronomers today notice that matter in the universe today is a lot more evenly distributed than they would have expected from blind luck (the “horizon problem”). They also notice space throughout the universe seems to be very "flat" on average when they look over great distances. What one process is favored as an explanation for why this happened? A. dark energy B. normal expansion of the universe C. quantum fluctuations of space D. inflation E. the effects of light
13.Learn about "gravitational lenses". There is some mention in sections 13-16 and 13-23 of your textbook, but concentrate on the following source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens and then answer the next few questions. The first question is: What is a gravitational lens? A. It is an area of warped space that affects light. B. It is a type of black hole. C. It is a glass lens that is extremely heavy. D. It is a type of lens used in X-ray telescopes.
14.What happens to the path of light when it passes through a region of space that has been warped by the gravity of a heavy object? A. Change direction. B. Change speed. C. Become more red in color. D. Become dimmer.
15.Consider this source as well (search Einstein’s Cross on Wikipedia or go to this link): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%27s_Cross and then answer this question: ZW 2237+030 is a galaxy that is mentioned. There are also four images surrounding it on the sky. How are those four images related to one another? A. They are four different galaxies. B. They are four reflections inside the lens of a telescope. C. They are four false images or duplicates of a far-away quasar. D. They are four quasars that have been pulled close to the galaxy.
Explanation / Answer
10.Ans: Option B.
A galaxy holding AGN is strictly an active galaxy. Where as all the large galaxy have found to have a black hole at the center
12.Ans: Option D.
The inflation theory is given as the explanation of the flatness problem, and the horizon problem as follows
The Flatness Problem:
Imagine living on the surface of a soccer ball (a 2-dimensional world). It might be obvious to you that this surface was curved and that you were living in a closed universe. However, if that ball expanded to the size of the Earth, it would appear flat to you, even though it is still a sphere on larger scales. Now imagine increasing the size of that ball to astronomical scales. To you, it would appear to be flat as far as you could see, even though it might have been very curved to start with. Inflation stretches any initial curvature of the 3-dimensional universe to near flatness.
The Horizon Problem:
Since Inflation supposes a burst of exponential expansion in the early universe, it follows that distant regions were actually much closer together prior to Inflation than they would have been with only standard Big Bang expansion. Thus, such regions could have been in casual contact prior to Inflation and could have attained a uniform temperature.
13- Option A.
The Gravitational lens is the distribution of matter in space that affects light passing through it
14.Ans: Option D. Become dimmer.
15.Ans:option C. They are four false images or duplicates of a far-away quasar.
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