Write an analysis and evaluation of the following article “Ocean warning” by Vol

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Write an analysis and evaluation of the following article “Ocean warning”

by Volkov, Denis L. University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Library, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, Florida. Last updated:2018 DOI:

https://doi-org.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/10.1036/1097-8542.463850.

Implications of ocean warming

As the ocean warms, it expands and the sea level rises. Since the early 1990s, the global mean sea level has been rising steadily at a mean rate of 3.3 ± 0.5 mm yr1 (Fig. 4). Nowadays, the sea-level rise is one of the best-measured indicators of global warming. Satellite and in-situ observations show that only about one-third of the present-day sea-level rise is due to the thermal expansion of seawater. The remaining two-thirds are due to melting ice sheets and glaciers. This latter contribution is an indirect effect of ocean warming on the sea-level rise, because the warmer ocean may enhance basal melting and thinning of ice shelves and marine-terminating glaciers. The rising seas pose a direct threat to coastal communities, where about 10% of world’s population resides. Coastal property and infrastructure, agricultural lands, freshwater reservoirs, beaches, wetlands, coastal estuaries and aquifers, and coastal ecosystems are all vulnerable to rising sea level

The effect of the ocean absorbing excess heat gained by Earth's climate system. The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface and, together with the atmosphere, terrestrial waters (lakes, rivers, and groundwater), and different forms of ice (snow, sea ice, ice sheets, and glaciers), comprises the climate system of our planet. Because of the enormous capacity of water to store heat and the ability of oceanic flows to redistribute this heat horizontally and vertically, the ocean’s role in the climate system is crucial. The major source of heat in the climate system is solar radiation. Because the Earth is a sphere, there is a net heat gain near the Equator and a net heat loss at high latitudes. Atmospheric winds and oceanic currents must balance these heat surpluses and deficits by transporting heat from low to high latitudes. The ocean contributes about a quarter of the overall poleward heat transport accomplished by the atmosphere-ocean system; however, because the heat capacity and density of seawater are much greater than those of air (water can absorb more than 4000 times as much heat per unit volume as air), changes in oceanic heat content have profound and long-lasting effects on global and regional climate.

Key Concepts • The ocean plays a crucial role in Earth’s climate system by absorbing solar radiation and transporting heat from warmer to cooler areas. • Recent observations show that more heat is entering Earth’s atmosphere than is leaving it. However, the ocean only absorbs about 93% of this excess heat. • Ocean temperatures are measured by small robotic Argo proling oats and Earth-orbiting satellites. • An important result from temperature data is that the ocean has warmed, but the spatial distribution of heat content change is strongly nonuniform. • As the ocean warms, it expands and the sea level rises. Sea-level rise is one of the best-measured indicators of global warming. Ocean warming also has negative effects on the uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere, and on the availability of oxygen for marine life.

Refe. Hansen et al., Earth’s energy imbalance and implications., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11:13421–13449, 2011 DOI: https://doi-org.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/10.5194/acp-11-13421-2011rence:

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summary of the article-

as we all know this that the earth is consist of the 71% of the ocean but due to some environmental consequences the level of the water rises. this will lead to many problems to the life. but the main effect is to the coastal region near the water bodies. according to the studies it is found that the increase in the ocean water level is due to the global warming . this global warming lead to increase in the temperature and hence lead to the serious problem to the environment. this craeting the imbalance of the nature and ecological cycle and cause the ozone depletions as well as degradtion of the life cycles.

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