I want questions 3 and 4 ? ASTR202 Laboratory on the Evolution of Life and Intel
ID: 290724 • Letter: I
Question
I want questions 3 and 4 ?
ASTR202 Laboratory on the Evolution of Life and Intelligence 3 Exercise: The Cosmic Calendar We have been studying the twisted evolutionary path life on Earth took to reach its present state. For us to communicate with another civilization, their species must have evolved to at least a similar level of advancement. The table below lists 20 events illustrating the evolutionary timeline for life on Earth in millions (mya) or billions (bya) of years. The first column lists the time of the event; the second column gives a description of the event; and the third column gives a crude estimate of the probability of the event Probability Time 12 bya Forms of Life Universe begins with a bang Galaxies form Solar System forms No life: shallow seas Origin of simple cells rigin of cyanobacteria Oxygen accumulates in atmosphere 4.0 bya 3.8 bya 3.5 bya 2.5 bya 1.7 bya 1.0 bya Simple multicellular life (sponges, seaweeds) 700 mya More invertebrates (latworms, jellyfish) 520 mya 410 mya 350 mya 300 mya Coal forming forests, amphibeans, BIG insects 225 mya 200 mya 65 mya 30 mya 0.5 0.01 Protists d greem algae 0.01 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Early animals with hard parts in oceans Planets invade land Vertebrates invade land Mass extinction (trilobites Pangaea, first mammals, first reptiles Mass extinction (including dinosaurs Small mammals, humanoids Early Main 0.1 0.1 0.001 O mya 0.5 1) Let us imagine we arn able to speed-up evolution so that all of the events above occur in one calendar year. Preserving the relative spacing between the events in Table 1, indicate the dates of the year when the events took placeExplanation / Answer
According to the data provided, the universe began with the Big Bang about 12 billion years ago. So in our calendar, we will take one year=12 billion years. So, 1month=1 billion year. And hence 1million year according to our calendar will take 1/1000 month =30/1000days =30×24/1000 hours =0.72 hours or in days 0.03days will be equal to 1million year.
So now the table can be summarised as a one year calendar as;
On 1january, Universe began with a Bang
On1march, Galaxies from
On 12-13august, Solar system forms
On 31august, No life, shallow seas
On 6september, Origin of simple cells
On 15september, origin of cyanobacteria
On 15october, Oxygen accumulated in atmosphere
On 9november, protists and green algae
On 1december, simple multicellular life(sponges,seaweeds)
On 9december, more invertebrates (flatworms, jellyfish)
On 14december at 2:24 pm, early animals with hard parts in ocean
On 17 December at 4:48pm, plants invaded land
On 20 December at 12:00 noon, vertebrates invaded land
On 22december morning, coal forming forests, amphibians, BIG insects
On 24december at 6:15 pm, mass extinction trilobites
On 25 December, Pangaea, first reptiles, first mammals
On 30 December at 1:25am, mass extinction including dinosaurs
On 31 December at 2:12am, samall mammals, humanoids
On 31 December at 10:35 pm, early man
On 31 December at 11:59pm, Us
2) 1. The first oxygen breathing organism, cyanobacteria originated 3.5 months ago.
2. The death of the dinosaurs happened 22hours 35minutes ago.
3. The emergence of Homo sapiens occured just a moment before. Early human appeared 1hour 24 minutes before now.
3. On the basis of probability of the given events, we need to estimate the number of earth like planets we would need to survey before finding one with life forms that have a similar evolutionary history to ours. For this we have to take reciprocal of each probability and find their product. So, this will be, (1/1.0)×(1/1.0)×(1/1.0)×(1/1.0)×(1/0.5)×(1/0.01)×(1/1.0)×(1/0.01)×(1/0.5)×(1/0.7)×(1/0.8)×(1/0.8)×(1/0.8)×(1/1.0)×(1/0.1)×(1/0.1)×(1/0.1)×(1/0.001)×(1/0.1)×(1/0.5)= 2.232×10^12
4. Ng=R*×fs×fp×ne×L= 10×0.12×0.3×0.6×5×10^9=1.09×10^9 earth like planets(=1.09 billion)
B) from answer of question number3 , the number of planets we must survey to find a planet with earth like evolutionary history is 2.232×10^12, but our galaxy has only 1.09×10^9 earth like planets , so there is no possibility of getting another planets with humanoids like earth in our galaxy.
C) The number of galaxies we have to search for another humanoids= 2.232×10^12/1.09×10^9=2048 (approximately)
Related Questions
drjack9650@gmail.com
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.