The Early Speech Perception (ESP) assessment contains single-word targets that d

Question

The Early Speech Perception (ESP) assessment contains single-word targets that differ in number of syllables and stress. This tool uses a series of subtests to assess pattern and word discrimination in a closed-set format. The results of this test allow the placement of children into four speech perception categories: 1=no pattern perception, 2=pattern perception, 3=some word identification, and 4=consistent word identification.

The Preschool Language Scale-5 LS-5 measures comprehensive language in children from birth through age 7.11. Scores include Auditory Comprehension (AC), Expressive Communication (EC), and a Total Language (TL) score. All scores have a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of 15. The TL score is typically the most representative of a child’s overall language functioning. The AC score probes aspects of comprehension whereas the EC score measures oral language expression.

The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Preschool Edition (CELF-P) evaluates a wide range of language skills in children aged 3.0 to 6.11. Scores include the Core Language Score (CLS), Receptive Language Index (RLI), Expressive Language Index (ELI), Language Content Index (LCI), and Language Structure Index (LSI). All scores have a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of 15. The CLS is typically the most representative of a child’s overall language functioning. The RLI probes aspects of comprehension whereas the ELI measures oral language expression.

Finally, all participants were assessed using the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation at the conclusion of the study.

The Goldman Fristoe has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.

3. Trautwein and Ammerman have gained permission to assess participants every three years until they are twelve years of age. The researchers are most interested in seeing how core language compares over time, in particular at three, six, nine, and twelve years of age.

a. What type of inferential test should be used to test the hypothesis? Why?

b. If the null hypothesis is rejected, what would Trautwein and Ammerman conclude?

c. What would they need to do next? Why?

DEHS Data Set for Assessment Projects INTD 5064 Applied Statistics for Health Care Practitioners CI Subjects Subject ID Group Gender Mode of Communication ESP-Pre TL-Pre AC-Pre EC-Pre ESP Post CLS-Post RLI-Post ELI-Post LCI-Post LSI-Post GF-Post C01 1 1 1 1 86 89 95 3 95 96 99 90 88 101 C02 1 2 1 1 82 85 85 3 85 89 87 83 78 89 C03 1 1 1 1 85 78 80 3 90 92 88 88 84 85 C04 1 1 1 2 81 81 82 2 80 88 84 79 76 105 C05 1 2 1 1 92 95 100 4 100 100 95 98 104 82 C06 1 1 1 1 79 80 72 4 92 94 90 92 82 90 C07 1 1 1 1 78 80 74 3 84 88 79 86 80 80 C08 1 2 1 1 111 115 102 3 120 122 112 109 110 102 C09 1 1 1 2 87 89 79 4 88 92 87 87 82 82 C10 1 2 1 2 99 98 89 4 100 98 90 104 106 95 C11 1 1 1 1 67 69 68 3 79 84 82 70 78 77 C12 1 2 2 1 102 100 98 2 95 98 93 96 90 82 C13 1 1 2 1 74 74 70 2 70 72 70 71 68 74 C14 1 2 2 1 68 65 70 1 67 69 66 65 68 70 C15 1 1 2 1 95 90 101 2 90 92 88 85 95 87 C16 1 1 2 1 75 77 76 2 72 75 70 74 68 69 Non CI Subjects Subject ID Group Gender Mode of Communication ESP-Pre TL-Pre AC-Pre EC-Pre ESP Post CLS-Post RLI-Post ELI-Post LCI-Post LSI-Post GF-Post S01 2 2 2 1 95 89 100 2 93 89 85 100 92 82 S02 2 1 2 1 87 85 95 1 80 83 82 80 78 70 S03 2 2 2 2 76 78 80 1 78 72 70 77 80 65 S04 2 1 2 1 75 73 72 2 73 71 72 75 72 68 S05 2 1 2 1 79 78 80 1 80 70 72 85 81 63 S06 2 1 2 1 77 78 74 1 75 77 68 85 70 71 S07 2 1 2 1 78 80 72 2 72 75 70 72 69 60 S08 2 2 2 1 77 81 75 1 80 89 73 75 78 65 S09 2 1 2 1 87 88 84 1 80 84 80 75 80 68 S10 2 1 2 1 89 98 82 3 90 100 85 85 85 78 S11 2 2 2 1 90 94 92 1 85 90 82 79 87 72 S12 2 1 2 1 73 78 72 1 70 74 67 79 68 66 S13 2 2 2 1 74 74 75 1 70 72 69 67 75 67 S14 2 2 2 1 68 65 68 2 62 60 61 67 60 55 S15 2 1 2 1 75 74 72 1 71 77 67 75 71 70 S16 2 1 2 1 74 77 73 1 77 74 68 80 72 65

Explanation / Answer

1.      For each variable listed below, give the scale of measurement and the reason for your answer.

a.      Group - Nominal because group does not have any order. We cannot say if group 1 is greater than group 2.

b.      Gender - Nominal

c.      Age - Ratio scale. It has order and age zero means actually zero

d.      ESP- Pre - Interval scale

e.      CLS-Post

2) Mean and Standard deviation cannot be measured for nominal and ordinal scale variables. So we cannot calculate standard deviation for gender, group, mode of communication

3) The Goldman Fristoe is same across all groups, gender and mode of communication.

We can use ANOVA to test the hypothesis

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