Queenston Shale (Brown) Whirípoo Sandstone North Lockport Dalcstone Green) Niaga

Question

Queenston Shale (Brown) Whirípoo Sandstone North Lockport Dalcstone Green) Niagara Gorge 2 km Goat ls. Niagara Falts Nagara River Figure A11.6.2 Name as many factors as you can that could cause Niagara Falls to rectreat ac a faste Name as many factors as you can that could cause Niagara Falls to retreat more slowly. Niagara Falls is about 35 km north of Lake Erie, and it is retreating southward. If the falls were to continue its retreat at the average rate calculated in part A, then how many years from now would the falls reach Lake Erie? years. REFLECT & DISCUSS Look at the cross-section of Niagara Falls in Fig. A11.6.1. Describe how the process that formed the falls could have begun. (Hint: Use your knowledge of stream erosion and the effects of stream gradient.) 320

Explanation / Answer

(C) The factors that could cause the Niagara falls to retreat at a faster rate are:

a- The huge volume of the water flowing in the falls.

b- Weathering and erosion in the Niagara region.

c- The rate of water flow.

(D) The factors that could cause the Niagara falls to retreat at a slower rate are:

a- The resistance to erosion by the local bed rocks which is mainly limestone.

b- The hydroelectric power plants set up in the region diverts some of the water along the shoreline thus reducing the rate of water flow.

(E) Distance between Niagra falls and lake Erie = 35 kilometers = 32 x 105 centimeters

Retreat in cm/ year = 110.6cm/ year

Time = (32 x 105 / 110.6) = 28,933.0922 years

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