What is random (or unexplained error)? When and how to do post hoc tests? How to
ID: 2914111 • Letter: W
Question
What is random (or unexplained error)?When and how to do post hoc tests?
How to conduct a hypothesis test (regardless of simple t-testor ANOVA). That is, what are the steps?
How to write a random variable for the particularproblem?
Please explain the concept of additive models and unbiasedestimator of the error?
Thanks! What is random (or unexplained error)?
When and how to do post hoc tests?
How to conduct a hypothesis test (regardless of simple t-testor ANOVA). That is, what are the steps?
How to write a random variable for the particularproblem?
Please explain the concept of additive models and unbiasedestimator of the error?
Thanks!
Explanation / Answer
The random error is the fluctuating part of the overall errorthat varies from measurement to measurement. Normally, the randomerror is defined as the deviation of the total error from its meanvalue.
Post-hoc tests (or post-hoc comparison tests) are used at thesecond stage of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) or multipleanalysis of variance (MANOVA) if the null hypothesis is rejected.The question of interest at this stage is which groupssignificantly differ from others in respect to the mean or, in caseof MANOVA, in respect to centroids.
Every hypothesis test requires the analyst to state a nullhypothesis and an alternate hypothesis. The hypotheses are statedin such a way that they are mutually exclusive. That is, if one istrue, the other must be false; and vice versa.
The analysis plan describes how to use sample data to accept orreject the null hypothesis. It should specify the followingelements.
Using sample data, conduct a one-sample t-test. This involvesfinding the standard error, degrees of freedom, test statistic, andthe P-value associated with the test statistic.
SE = s * sqrt{ ( 1/n ) * ( 1 - n/N ) * [ N / ( N- 1 ) ] }
SE = s / sqrt( n )
t = (x - ) / SE
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