What does the concept of base level mean? Who first proposed this idea? What do

Question

What does the concept of base level mean? Who first proposed this idea?

What do stream width, depth, and velocity affect stream discharge rates?

What are: perennial, ephemeral, and intermittent streams?

What does stream velocity affect a streams carrying capacity?

In a meandering stream pattern, where is velocity highest and lowest? How does this affect the stream profile on the inner and outer bends?

When a bend of a stream meander is cutoff, this feature is called a what?

What is unique about the towns of Carter Lake, IA and Kaskaskia, IL?

What are floodplains?

What are alluvial fans?

Explanation / Answer

Base level is the limit below which stream cannot erode, simply limit the erosion process. it related to sea level change, tectonic movement and river capture. this was introduce by john wesley powell in 1875.

Stream discharge rate is totally depends on width, depth and velocity. if depth increases, velocity also increases but sometimes depth becomes less and width becomes more than also discharge rates is more, in this case velocity also decreases but wider channel makes the discharge rate more.

perrennial streams having continuous flow of water throughout the year. ephemeral streams are flowing only the particular period of time mostly rainy season it starts flowing for an hour or more. Intermittent streams are flowing for weeks or month of an year.

Stream carrying capacity is totally related to howmuch solid load it carries. this totally depends on velocity and discharge rates. If velocity is high then the carrying capacity also high, it means carrying more solid loads.

Meandering streams are those having curves and loops, major velocity is the zone of concave which means cut banks and lowest velocity in the point bar which having the deposition materials. This affects the stream profile like changing the path of the flow stream, because high velocity hit the cut banks and makes erosion in that zone after more years this directly join with other parts of the river, this causes the form of oxbow lakes.

Bend of meander stream and cutoff to form a feature called oxbow lake.

Carter lake are those formed by river coursechange around 2km in 1877.it is also called as cuto-off island. Settlements are start growing nearby this lake and makes this place as good living environment.

Flood plains are the low lying area adjacent ot river, which are formed by sediments from river, it is most subject to flooding.

A fan or cone shaped deposit of sediments crossed and built by streams.it is an debris cone which occurs by debris flow.

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