Hepatitis B is a bloodborne pathogen and communicable disease that is preventabl
ID: 2926584 • Letter: H
Question
Hepatitis B is a bloodborne pathogen and communicable disease that is preventable through immunization. Mother to child, or perinatal, transmission occurs often. Mothers who are foreign-born (outside of the U.S.) have been identified as a high-risk population for Hep B. Public health researchers want to work with a non-profit group for newly immigrated families to identify perinatal Hep B cases in pregnant women and provide immunization or treatment as needed.
Suppose there are 102 pregnant women identified by the nonprofit group among immigrant families. Ten of the 102 women have documentation of having been immunized for Hep B and are considered non-infected, immune, and unable to transmit infection to their children. The remaining mothers consent to be tested to find out whether they are Hep B carriers. Of the mothers tested, 42 test positive for Hep B.
1.
Because Hep B is a communicable disease (can be spread person-to-person) and the researchers cannot administer the vaccine while the mothers are pregnant, they obtain consent to monitor the health of those women who tested negative and repeat the Hep B test at the time that they give birth. At the time of birth, 26 of these women test positive for Hep B.
What is the incidence rate of Hep B in this population? (give your answer as a percent and round to the nearest whole number)
2.
From the existing literature we can assume (generalize) that the expected perinatal transmission rate of Hep. B from infected pregnant women to their infants is 80%.
If 70 infants were born among the mothers who were known to be Hep B positive, how many of these 70 infants would we expect to also test positive for the disease?
Explanation / Answer
a) Remaining mothers = 102 - 10 - 42 = 50
26 test positive for Hepatitis
Incidence rate = 26/50 = 0.52
If for whole population rate is asked then, 68/102 = 0.67
b) Expected transmission = 0.8 * 70 = 56
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