About casing drilling, I need solve for these problems: a) Discuss the effect th
ID: 292902 • Letter: A
Question
About casing drilling, I need solve for these problems: a) Discuss the effect that crushing (out of roundness) caused by poor handling will have on the performance properties of casing. b) Explain the following Special Cementing Problems and how these problems can be solved. i. Salt Sections Formations ii. Kicks Following Cementing. iii. Cement lost circulation. c) Explain the advantages and disadvasntages of using a liner rather than a full length casing string. About casing drilling, I need solve for these problems: a) Discuss the effect that crushing (out of roundness) caused by poor handling will have on the performance properties of casing. b) Explain the following Special Cementing Problems and how these problems can be solved. i. Salt Sections Formations ii. Kicks Following Cementing. iii. Cement lost circulation. c) Explain the advantages and disadvasntages of using a liner rather than a full length casing string. About casing drilling, I need solve for these problems: a) Discuss the effect that crushing (out of roundness) caused by poor handling will have on the performance properties of casing. b) Explain the following Special Cementing Problems and how these problems can be solved. i. Salt Sections Formations ii. Kicks Following Cementing. iii. Cement lost circulation. c) Explain the advantages and disadvasntages of using a liner rather than a full length casing string.Explanation / Answer
b.)
iAns: Salt Sections Formations
THE FORMS OF SALT:
There are three primary forms of salt:
1. Halite, or rock salt, forms in either thin or massive layers. It occurs as a relatively soft white rock, with red or yellow coloring caused by impurities.
2. Anhydrite occurs extensively in beds associated with halite deposits. It is harder and less soluble than halite and harder and denser than gypsum. It often occurs as fibrous, granular or more compact masses.
3. Gypsum is basically the hydrated version of anhydrite. It generally occurs in beds associated with layers of halite and dolomite.
Salt is notably less dense than other sedimentary rocks. As a result, salt deposits tend to flow under pressure, compared with either folding or faulting, which occurs with lithologies such as sandstones and shales. Salt mobility occurs due to the difference in density between the salt and any surrounding sedimentary formations.
These properties of salt lead to several distinct drilling challenges:This includes:
• Hole creep – Salt may extrude (or “creep”) into the wellbore due to its plastic nature. This creep can potentially cause stuck pipe and fatigue damage to the drillstring. The rate of creep will depend on the specific properties of the salt, pressure and temperature. An increase in the last two tends to increase rate of creep.
• Washout – Salt is soluble. Under certain conditions, salt will dissolve and result in borehole enlargement. This causes unpredictable directional tendencies, poor BHA performance and stability issues.
• Formation pressure issues – During the formation of domes, the salt may “drag” deeply buried formations closer to the surface as the plastic salt rises, bringing their corresponding formation pressures. These abnormal pressures can cause unexpected overbalanced or underbalanced drilling conditions.
• Rubble zones/sutures – These are commonly associated with salt domes and can present performance problems (e.g., vibrations), especially when drill bits are used in these applications.
• Tar zones – When encountered in salt drilling, they present a different set of operational problems.
iiAns: Kicks Following Cmenting
? Chemical changes occur during the hardening of cement. This may lead to several well control problems such as:
• Gas channeling through the cement.
• Reduction in HP resulting in a kick.
• Poor cement bond between casing and formation.
? Pit volume increase and cement displaced should be monitored to ensure the displaced fluid volume is equal to the amount of cement volume pumped.
iiiAns: Cement Lost Circulation
Typical ways to address lost circulation during cementing operations is with bridging or plugging material, the use of rapid-set or thixotropic cement, or with lightweight cement systems.
* Reduce the slurry density (lightweight cement)
* Add a bridging or plugging material
cement is a low-density cement that can be designed to handle low-fracture-gradient wells while maintaining sufficient hydrostatic pressure to manage pore pressures effectively. It has high-viscosity and expansive forces to help with hole cleaning and displacement and superior bridging by combining lost circulation materials with inherent diverting capabilities of foam cement. FracSeal cement should be considered in situations where loss of whole fluid to the formation is anticipated.cement should be considered in areas where foam cement is not available.
Light cement comprises a family of low-density conventional cements designed to increase the probability that cement will circulate up the annulus and not out to the formation. Tuned Light cement provides superior bridging by combining lost circulation material with the inherent diverting properties of microspheres. Tuned Light cements can be designed to low slurry densities enabling a reduction in the equivalent circulating density
Related Questions
drjack9650@gmail.com
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.