Ocean Water By the end of the chapter you should be able to 1) explain where the
ID: 293188 • Letter: O
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Ocean Water By the end of the chapter you should be able to 1) explain where the ocean's water and salt come from, and how sea level varies 2) discuss how the salinity, temperature, and density of ocean waters change with location and depth and how these variations cause distinct layers to form 3) explain what surface currents are and how their configuration relates to wind, the Coriolis force, and pressure variations 4) relate variations in ocean-water density to the origins of deep currents and consider the importance of thermohaline circulationn 5) discuss why waves form, how they behave, and how big they can get. Ocean Basins 1) distinguish among the various bathymetric provinces of ocean basins, and explain how they form in the context of plate tectonics theory 2) discuss ocean tides and their causes, and interpret why some regions have large tidal reaches while others do not. 3) describe the processes that shift sand on beaches and produce observed beach profiles 4) contrast estuaries with fjords and wetlands with reefs, and explain their origins Atmosphere 1) explain how the atmosphere has evolved and why it now contains oxygen 2) define the quantities that meteorologists use to describe the atmosphere 3) evaluate the importance of atmospheric aerosols and the role that human activities play in generating them 4) create a model of the interactions between radiation and the atmosphere that control the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and surface Winds 1) explain why our planet's atmosphere constantly flows on a global scale. Understand the forces that are involved 2) discuss why tropical rainforests and subtropical deserts develop where they do. Think about air circulation 3) recognize the effects of monsoons and ENSO events, and explain why these meteorological phenomena are so important to society 4) describe the relationship between weather, fronts, and jet streams Storms 1) distinguish between local-scale and larger weather systems 2) explain the basic conditions that lead to the formation of a thunderstorm 3) describe the difference between an ordinary thunderstorm and other types of thunderstorms 4) interpret the signature of a severe thunderstorm as it appears on radarExplanation / Answer
1)The salt comes from weathering and volcanic activity.Evaporation and precipitationwill also affect salinity. If there will be less rivers which will deposit there water in ocean then salinity will enhance.
2)Salinity affects density higher salinity makes water denser because now there will be more salt packed into the water.Temperature too affect salinity as high temperature makes water less dense.As water gets warmer, its molecules spread out and it becomes less dense. And when it gets colder, it becomes denser. When liquid water freezes into solid ice, it becomes less dense. Deep water is denser than shallow water. The water molecules are packed together tightly because of the weight of water which is pushing down.
3)Surface currents have tendency to flow thousands of kilometers and can reach depths of hundreds of meters. They remain unchanged even in large storms because. Surface currents are formed by three things: global wind, the rotation of the Earth, and the shape of the ocean.They too help in distribution of heat around the planet and are a major factor influencing climate.
•The rotation of the earth about its axis affects the direction of the wind. This force is called the Coriolis force. It has great impact on the direction of wind movement.
•Due to this effect, winds in the northern hemisphere get deflected to the right and those of southern hemisphere towards left.
4)Ocean water is more dense because of the salt in it and it’s density is about 1027 kg/m3. It is affected by two main factors •Temperature of the water
•Salinity of the water. Ocean water gets more dense as temperature goes down.
Less dense water floats on top of more dense water. Temperature has a greater effect on the density of water than salinity does. The density of ocean water increases and increases as you go to the bottom of the ocean. Circulation in the depths of the ocean is horizontal and water moves along the layers with the same density.
Thermohaline circulation-It refers to global density-driven circulation of the oceans. Temperature and density share an inverse relationship so when the surface currents flow towards the poles from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, they cool down and flow beneath into deep water basins. Ocean water from all of the ocean basins mixes thoroughly and carries heat energy and matter in the form of solids and gases.It is also called the global conveyor belt and it has can have great impact on the climate of our planet.
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