A study1 indicates that the youngest children in a school grade are more likely

Question

A study1 indicates that the youngest children in a school grade are more likely to be diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than their older peers in the same grade. The study involved 937,943 children between 6 and 12 years old in British Columbia, Canada. The cutoff date for entering school in any year in British Columbia is December 31St, so in any given class, those born late in the year are almost a year younger than those born early in the year. Is it possible that the younger students are being over-diagnosed with ADHD? Girls are less likely overall to be diagnosed with ADHD but does the same relationship exist with relative age in school? Girls: ADHD or Just Young? The table below shows the number of girls diagnosed with ADHD based on the quarter of the year in which they were born, as well as the proportion of girls born during that quarter Birth Date ADHD Diagnoses Proportion of Births Jan-Mar Apr-Jun ul-Sep Oct-Dec 1960 2358 2859 2904 0.243 0.258 0.257 0.242 Table 1 ADHD diagnoses and relative age for girls

Explanation / Answer

(a) Total numbers of girls indentified with ADHD = 1960 + 2358 + 2859 + 2904 =10081

(b)

(c) Observed and expected frequency with chi- square values

x2 = 236.73

(d) Here dF = 4 - 1 = 3

p - value = 4.852 * 10-51 = 0.000

(e) Option C is correct as there is very strong evidence ADHD diagnones are related to relative age.

(f) In Oct - Dec period , children appear for diagones more frequently than we would expect.

Jan- mar 2449.7 Apr-Jun 2600.9 Jul- Sep 2590.8 Oct-Dec 2439.6

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