To what extent do syntax textbooks, which analyze the structure of sentences, il

Question

To what extent do syntax textbooks, which analyze the structure of sentences, illustrate gender bias? A study of this question sampled sentences from 10 texts. One part of the study examined the use of the words "girl," "boy," "man," and "woman." We will call the first two words juvenile and the last two adult. Is the proportion of female references that are juvenile (girl) equal to the proportion of male references that are juvenile (boy)? Here are data from one of the texts:

(a) Find the proportion of juvenile references for females and its standard error. Do the same for the males. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)

(b) Give a 90% confidence interval for the difference. (Do not use rounded values. Round your final answers to three decimal places.)

  ,

(c) Use a test of significance to examine whether the two proportions are equal. (Use pF pM. Round your value for z to two decimal places and round your P-value to four decimal places.)

Explanation / Answer

Find the proportion of juvenile references for females and its standard error. Do the same for the males.

proportion of females=x/n=48/63=0.761905=0.762

standard error for females=sqrt(p^(1-p^)/n)

=sqrt(0.761905(1-0.761905)/63)

=0.054

proportion of males=52/135

=0.385

Standar errorfor males=sqrt(0.385(1-0.385)/135)=0.042

Solutionb:

z crit for 90%=1.645

90% CI for diff in proportion

=p1^-p2^+-zcrisqrt(SE1+SE2)

=(0.762-0.385) +-1.645 sqrt(0.762(1-0.762)/63+0.385(1-0.385)/135)

=0.377- 0.1119,0.377+0.1119

=0.2651,0.4889

lower limit=0.265

upper limit=0.489

Solutionc:

Z=0.762-0.385/ sqrt(0.762(1-0.762)/63+0.385(1-0.385)/135)

z=5.54

p=0.0000

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