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The following questions all refer to Table 1, below. a). Assume Table 1 is set u

ID: 2934525 • Letter: T

Question

The following questions all refer to Table 1, below.

a). Assume Table 1 is set up in the standard way. Which variable is hypothesized to be dependent/response and which is hypothesized to be independent/explanatory? Does this implied relationship seem sensible to you?

b). Find the row percents for the first row

c). Approximately what row percents should you see in the second row if the Level of Happiness and Maximum Adult Education Achieved are independent?

d). What is a good title for this table?

Table 1

Max Adult Education

Achieved

Level of Happiness

Very Happy

Pretty Happy

Not Too Happy

Total

Less Than High School

183

336

119

High School

239

462

96

Some College

281

509

87

Bachelor’s Degree

459

714

102

Advanced Degree

154

213

31

Total

Max Adult Education

Achieved

Level of Happiness

Very Happy

Pretty Happy

Not Too Happy

Total

Less Than High School

183

336

119

High School

239

462

96

Some College

281

509

87

Bachelor’s Degree

459

714

102

Advanced Degree

154

213

31

Total

Explanation / Answer

Solution:

First of all we have to find row totals and columns totals of the table. Completed table is given as below:

Max Adult Education

Level of Happiness

Achieved

Very Happy

Pretty Happy

Not Too Happy

Total

Less Than High School

183

336

119

638

High School

239

462

96

797

Some College

281

509

87

877

Bachelor’s Degree

459

714

102

1275

Advanced Degree

154

213

31

398

Total

1316

2234

435

3985

a). Assume Table 1 is set up in the standard way. Which variable is hypothesized to be dependent/response and which is hypothesized to be independent/explanatory? Does this implied relationship seem sensible to you?

Answer:

The variable level of happiness is hypothesized to be dependent or response and the variable maximum adult education achieved is hypothesized as the independent or explanatory variable. This implied sensible relationship because as the education increases, the level of happiness also increases (except advanced degree).

b). Find the row percents for the first row

The row percents for the first row are given as below:

Row percent = row observation / row total

Max Adult Education

Level of Happiness

Achieved

Very Happy

Pretty Happy

Not Too Happy

Total

Less Than High School

183/638 = 0.286833856

336 / 638 = 0.526645768

119 / 638 = 0.186520376

1

(Table only shows first row)

c). Approximately what row percents should you see in the second row if the Level of Happiness and Maximum Adult Education Achieved are independent?

If level of happiness and maximum adult education achieved are independent, then

P(Level of happiness and maximum adult education achieved) = P(level of happiness) * P(maximum adult education achieved)

Max Adult Education

Level of Happiness

Achieved

Very Happy

Pretty Happy

Not Too Happy

Total

High School

(797/3985)/(1316/3985) = (797/1316) = 0.299874529

797/2234 = 0.579673777

797/435 = 1.832184

1

(Table only shows second row. Row sum is not equal to 1, indicates that variables are not independent.)

d). What is a good title for this table?

Title for this table would be ‘contingency table for level of education and happiness’.

Max Adult Education

Level of Happiness

Achieved

Very Happy

Pretty Happy

Not Too Happy

Total

Less Than High School

183

336

119

638

High School

239

462

96

797

Some College

281

509

87

877

Bachelor’s Degree

459

714

102

1275

Advanced Degree

154

213

31

398

Total

1316

2234

435

3985