Question 1 In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, older rocks lie bene

Question

Question 1

In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, older rocks lie beneath younger rocks, according to the principle of _____.

Question 2

Geologists know that folds in beds occurred after deposition according to the principle of _____.

Question 3

Relative ages expressed on the geologic rock column primarily resulted from the study of _____.

Question 4

In a glacier, which of the following decreases with increased depth into ice, and/or age of ice?

Question 5

Ablation of a glacier is more likely to occur at _____ elevations whereas accumulation is more likely to occur at _____ elevations.

Question 6

Cirques and horns are features associated with _____.

Question 7

In cross section, valleys carved by glaciers tend to be shaped like the letter _____, whereas unglaciated mountain valleys tend to be shaped like the letter _____ in cross section.

Question 8

Sediment deposited directly by glaciers are characterized by _____.

Question 9

What will happen to the land surface and lithosphere when the Greenland or Antarctic ice sheets melts?

Question 10

By increasing the overall reflectance of solar radiation (sunlight), the growth of ice sheets produces conditions that are _____ to their further advance, thus providing an example of _____ feedback.

Explanation / Answer

1. In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, older rocks lie beneath younger rocks, according to the principle of superposition.

In a deposition of sedimentary strata, the principle of superposition is followed with horizontality means the sedimentary rock layers always maintain horizontal position.

2. Geologists know that folds in beds occurred after deposition according to the principle of uniformitarianism.

Uniformitarianism says the present is the key to the past. Thus, we can determine the processes of formation of ancient structure by seeing the present feature on the earth.

3. Relative ages expressed on the geologic rock column primarily resulted from the study of fossil content and spatial relationships among sedimentary rocks.

Relative age determination is possible by study of fossil content and as fossils are mainly found within sedimentary rocks, therefore the relationship between fossil and spatial relationships among sedimentary rocks is studied. The most common method of relative age determination follows superposition rule which states that the older rocks always lie at the bottom and younger rocks at the top of a succession.

4. In a glacier, the oxygen-18 content decreases with increased depth into ice, and/or age of ice.

With increasing depth and/or age of ice, ice starts to melt, therefore the oxygen-18 goes into water causing to decrease in amount in the glacier.

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