Practice Exam 3: Exercises H, K, L, I Part I-Climate Change What variable, June
ID: 294798 • Letter: P
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Practice Exam 3: Exercises H, K, L, I Part I-Climate Change What variable, June insolation or oxygen isotope, do you use to determine if the Earth was in a past glacial or interglacial perid? xyoun isatop2 What is the relationship between June insolation and oxygen isotopes? What was the coverage like in the last glacial period? Using the plots discussed in Lab H, how much has the temperature increased? Co27 Sun spots? What connection can you make from these changes? How much overall temperature change has taken place since 1910? What do future prediction models project about temperature changes on the Earth in the next hundred years or so? Think average values between the different models. Where is the largest increase expected?Explanation / Answer
1) Oxygen isotopes because oxygen isotope ratio cycles are repeated variations in the ratio of the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 18 to the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 16 present in some substances. The ratio is linked to water temperature of ancient oceans, which in turn reflects ancient climates.
2) Obliquity is the tilt of the Earth’s rotation axis with respect to the plane of the ecliptic. Obliquity varies between 21.5° and 24.5°. Precision is the variation in the direction of tilt at the Earth’s closest approach to the Sun (perihelion). The parameter w is the angle between the Earth’s position on June 21 (summer solstice), and perihelion. Also the O-18 in a given core will depend on the temperature in which the organisms grew. So, sometimes the June insolation due to high tilt is being misinterpreted for high global temperature rise due to O-18 isotope found in organisms.
3) Ice coverage attained a very early maximum in the last glacial period around 114,000 in Northwest Greenland.
4) Climate models indicate that the Last Glacial Maximum (about 21 ka) was 3°C to 5°C cooler than the present.
Sun spots are increasing. Increasing sun spots means less solar activity which indirectly means that Ice Age or glaciation is coming.
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