At a gauge, you measured continuous stream flow and stream water chloride concen
ID: 297787 • Letter: A
Question
At a gauge, you measured continuous stream flow and stream water chloride concentrations during a storm. At the peak event flow of 580 L s-1, the chloride concentration in the stream was 18 mg L-1. Five samples of rainfall taken at gauges distributed across the watershed (i.e. new water) had an average chloride concentration of 0.8 mg L-1. The chloride concentration during low flow conditions immediately preceding the rising limb of the storm (i.e. presumably representing old water) was
25 mg L-1.
a. Based on a source water separation using an end member mixing model, what are the percentages of old water and new water in stream flow during the peak flow of the event?
b. Based on the hillslope hydrologic concepts we discussed in class, name one of the two stream flow generation mechanisms that is most likely to be providing the “new” water, and briefly describe how that mechanism results in precipitation moving rapidly to the stream and out of the watershed?
Explanation / Answer
answer- chloride concentration during strom event is = 18 mg/L
during low flow condition immediately the rising limb of the storm the concentration of chloride was = 25mg/L
end member mixing model is used to reject the end member that are not contributing to target stream in the terms of water quality. during the low flow the condition the water flow was 420 L/s.
the percentage of old water flowing in stream during peak flow of event 64% and new water flowing in stream flowing during peak flow of the event is 36%.
answer- the mechanism the most like to provide new water to the stream is Uniform pricipitation access mechanism model. this mechanism occur in that region where infiltration capacity is much higher. and significant amount of water enters in soil. observation generally made in forest region or distubed catchment region. water enters through the pore space of soil and move laterally to form distinct wetness zone. and contribute new water to the stream in the region where subsurface water joints at stream water.
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