1.Application of fertilizers to aquatic ecosystems stimulates primary production

Question

1.Application of fertilizers to aquatic ecosystems stimulates primary production just as it does in agricultural ecosystems. In aquatic ecosystems, the enhanced production can eventually lead to:

Select one:

a. accumulation of toxic heavy metals.

b. anoxic conditions.

c. conditions more attractive to recreational activities.

d. increase in food web complexity.

2.A reduction in aerosols in the atmosphere would tend to _______ temperatures, because aerosols _______ sunlight.

Select one:

a. increase; reflect

b. increase; absorb

c. decrease; reflect

d. decrease; absorb

e. None of the above; a change in aerosol concentrations should not result in detectable climate change.

3. Which of the following would most likely encounter the greatest difficulty in responding to climate change?

Select one:

a. A butterfly

b. A biennial shrub with animal-dispersed seeds

c. A long-lived tree

d. A rodent

e. All of the above should have roughly equal difficulty.

4. Select the greenhouse gas that fits the following description: Its concentration in the atmosphere has increased substantially over the last century; and while its total contribution to the greenhouse effect is only about 30% that of CO2, its contribution on a per molecule basis is greater that of CO2.

Select one:

a. Water vapor

b. Sulfur dioxide

c. Methane

d. Nitrous oxide

e. Carbon monoxide

5. How might anthropogenic enhancement of the greenhouse effect result in increased primary production?

Select one:

a. Warmer temperatures would lengthen the growing season and speed metabolism.

b. Enhanced CO2 concentrations would increase the rate of photosynthesis.

c. both of the above

6. Which of the following is not one of the currently documented ecological responses to climate change?

Select one:

a. Many species of nonmigratory European butterflies have shifted their ranges northward, with few shifting southward.

b. Migratory birds in England and North America have been arriving at nest sites earlier in the season.

c. There has been an upward shift from lower elevations to higher elevations of vascular plants in the European Alps.

d. Lizard populations have been going extinct.

e. All of the above are documented responses to climate change.

7.

Refer to the graph below showing the mean annual global temperature anomalies between 1880 and 2005. Aside from the recent (1981–2000) rise, over which 20-year period did temperatures rise the most?

Select one:

a. 1881–1900

b. 1901–1920

c. 1921–1940

d. 1941–1960

e. 1961–1980

8. Which of the following events would lead to enhanced atmospheric warming?

Select one:

a. Decreased anthropogenic emissions of SO2

b. Increased dust in association with land use change and desertification

c. A major volcanic eruption

d. Both a and b

e. Both b and c

9. The map below shows the temperature change in °C across different regions of the globe from the average of 1951-1980 to 2005. According to the map, if the mean temperature in Paris between 1951 and 1980 was 17.2°C, what was the most likely temperature in 2005?

Select one:

a. 16.1°C

b. 16.9°C

c. 17.8°C

d. 18.3°C

e. 18.8°C

10. As nitrogen input increases, _______ increases at first and then decreases at high levels of nitrogen input.

Select one:

a. nitrification

b. net primary productivity

c. leaf nitrogen concentration

d. leaching due to NO3–

e. soil acidification

Explanation / Answer

1) answer ; anoxic conditions.

enhanced production can eventually lead to more oxygen consumption and developement of anoxic conditions.

2) answer : increase; reflect

aerosols are tiny particles of dust and liquid which reflects the solar radiation that falls on it.

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