Which of the following is a true answer to the question: could an inductively re
ID: 3013526 • Letter: W
Question
Which of the following is a true answer to the question: could an inductively reliable argument have all true premises and a false conclusion?
Yes. Arguments like that are invalid and invalid arguments are all reliable.
No. Arguments like that are invalid and invalid arguments are unreliable.
Yes. It's possible but unlikely for a reliable argument to have true premises and a false conclusion.
No. Reliability is a matter of degree so we cannot use the black-and-white terms 'true' and 'false' when describing a reliable argument.
For the next two questions consider the following argument:
According to Natalie Adkins, a professor of Marketing at Creighton University who has studied low-literate consumers, says that marginally literate and illiterate consumers rely more heavily on brand images and habitual purchasing than literate consumers do. So if she’s right, and she probably is because she’s an expert, then there is a tangible benefit to brand imaging other than the typically offered blather about intangibles (like consumers desiring connection to a better experience and so on).
What’s the main conclusion of the argument?
Marginally literate and illiterate consumers rely more heavily on brand images and habitual purchasing than literate consumers do.
There is a tangible benefit to brand imaging other than the typically offered blather about intangibles.
Professors at good universities who study topics are typically experts on the topic.
The argument has no conclusion, only premises.
Again consider the argument:
According to Natalie Adkins, a professor of Marketing at Creighton University who has studied low-literate consumers, says that marginally literate and illiterate consumers rely more heavily on brand images and habitual purchasing than literate consumers do. So if she’s right, and she probably is because she’s an expert, then there is a tangible benefit to brand imaging other than the typically offered blather about intangibles (like consumers desiring connection to a better experience and so on).
One of the premises in the main argument is defended by an appeal to authority. Which of the following would most undermine that appeal to authority (if true)?
Discovering that consumers are measurably and tangibly desirous of a connection to a better consumer experience which is realized by purchase of a strongly branded product.
Discovering that the percentage of low literate consumers is much lower than the 50% that Adkins and others claim.
Discovering that Adkins has changed universities and now teaches at a lower ranked school.
Discovering that Adkins was part-owner of a brand management consultancy.
a.Yes. Arguments like that are invalid and invalid arguments are all reliable.
b.No. Arguments like that are invalid and invalid arguments are unreliable.
c.Yes. It's possible but unlikely for a reliable argument to have true premises and a false conclusion.
d.No. Reliability is a matter of degree so we cannot use the black-and-white terms 'true' and 'false' when describing a reliable argument.
Explanation / Answer
1.
d) No. Reliability is a matter of degree so we cannot use the black-and-white terms 'true' and 'false' when describing a reliable argument.
In an inductive argument, the premises are intended only to be so strong that, if they were true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion is false. There is no standard term for a successful inductive argument. But its success or strength is a matter of degree, unlike with deductive arguments.
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