In addition to central tolerance, there are additional mechanisms in peripheral

Question

In addition to central tolerance, there are additional mechanisms in peripheral hymphoid organs that further ensure tolerogenic states against self-antigens are maintained. These peripheral tolerance mechanisms consist of a. AnergY b. Treg mediated suppression c. Deletion (by apoptosis) d. All of the above 40 One major difference between self-reactive B and T hymphocytes is that: a. The BCR on self-reactive B cells can undergo receptor editing whereas the TCRs of self-reactive T cells do not b. Most self-reactive B cells reside in the spleen c. Self-reactive B cells will differentiate into short-lived plasma cells that cannot perpetuate tssue d. Selt-reactive meet the same fate damage (making them less harmful than T cells) B and T cells undergo the same exact type central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, Le there is/are no major differences between one and the other Anergy refers to: a. Hyperactivation b. Activation-induced cell death 41. e Functional unresponsiveness d. Inability to produce inflammatory cytokines 42. Anergy may be driven by: a. A block in TCR signal transduction b. Self antigen recognition may activate cellular ubiquitin ligases, which ubiquitinate TCR-associated proteins and target them for proteolytic degradation in proteasomes or lysosomes c. When T cells recognize self antigens, they may engage inhibitory receptors of the CD28 family, whose function is to terminate T cell responses d. All of the above 43. The vast majority of CD4 regulatory T cells (Treg) express which of the following activation markers? a. CD69 b. CD44 CD25 d. FoxP3 44. In humans the autoimmune disease known as immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome or IPEX, is caused by mutations in which of the following genes? a. NFkB b. FOXP3 C. IL-2 d. CD25(alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor The collection of components of the immune system serving specialized functions at a particular anatomic location is referred to as a. Reticuloendothelial system 45. c. Systemic immune system d. Bronchial associated lymphatic tissue (BALT) b. Regional immune system M cells and Paneth cells are specialized components found in which of the following? a. b. 46. The gastrointestinal (Gl) tract The upper respiratory tract c. The cutaneous immune system d. The brain 47. The GI tract region has evolved to overcome various challenges including c. Tolerance to food antigens and commensal Exposure to airborne pathogens Development of keratinizing epithelium a. b. microbiota d. An extremely short surface area

Explanation / Answer

39) Answer- d) All above  

Explanation- Peripheral tolerance is second branch of immunological tolerance after central tolerance.  Its main purpose is to ensure that self reactive B or T cells that have escaped from central tolerance do not cause autoimmune disease. Mechanism of peripheral tolerance include direct inactivation of effector cells by either clonal deletion, conversion to regulatory T cells (tregs), or induction of anergy.

40) Answer- c) B cells can be converted into short lived plasma cells that can not perpituate tissue damage.

41) Answer- c) Functional unresponsiveness

Explanation- Anergy is the state in which immune cells stops responsing aginst antigen specially the antigen which belongs to our oum body.

42) Answer- d) all of the above

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse I
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.