39. In addition to central tolerance, there are additional mechanisms in periphe

Question

39. In addition to central tolerance, there are additional mechanisms in peripheral lymphoid organs that further ensure tolerogenic states against self-antigens are maintained. These peripheral tolerance mechanisms consist of a. Anergy b. Treg mediated suppression Deletion (by apoptosis) All of the above c. d. One major difference between self-reactive B and T lymphocytes is that a. The BCR 40. on self-reactive B cells can undergo receptor editing whereas the TCRs of self-reactive T cells do not meet the same fate b.Mself reactive B cel reside in the spleen c. Self-reactive B cells will ifferentiate into short -lived plasma cells that cannot perpetuate tissue damage (making them less harmful than T cells) d. Self-reactive B and T cells undergo the same exact type central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, i.e. there is/are no major differences between one and the other Anergy refers to: a. Hyperactivation b. Activation-induced cell death 41. Functional unresponsiveness Inability to produce inflammatory cytokines c. d. Anergy may be driven by: a. b. 42. A block in TCR signal transduction Self antigen recognition may activate cellular ubiquitin ligases, which ubiquitinate TCR-associated proteins and target them for proteolytic degradation in proteasomes or lysosomes When T cells recognize self antigens, they may engage inhibitory receptors of the CD28 family, whose function is to terminate T cell responses All of the above c. d. The vast majority of CD4' regulatory T cells (Treg) express which of the following activation markers? a. CD69 b. CD44 43. c. CD25 d. FoxP3 44. In humans the autoimmune disease known as immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome or IPEX, is caused by mutations in which of the following genes? d. CD25 (alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor heterotrimer) a. NFKB b. FOXP3 c. IL-2 The collection of components of the immune system serving specialized functions at a particular anatomic location is referred to as: a. Reticuloendothelial system b. Regional immune system 45. Systemic immune system Bronchial associated lymphatic tissue (BALT) c. d. M cells and Paneth cells are specialized components found in which of the following? a. b. 46. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract The upper respiratory tract The cutaneous immune system The brain c. d. 47. The GI tract region has evolved to overcome various challenges including a. b. Exposure to airborne pathogens Development of keratinizing epithelium Tolerance to food antigens and commensal microbiota An extremely short surface area c. d.

Explanation / Answer

Answere :

Question 39 : All the above i.e. anergy, deletion, and treg mediated supression include in peripharal tolerance mechanism.

Question 40 : The correct option is (a) i.e.The differance between self-reactive B and T-lymphocytes is that the BCR on self-reactive B-cells can undergo receptor editing whereas TCRs of self-reactive T-cell do not meet the same fate.

Question 41 : The option (b) is correct i.e. anergy is a functional unresponsiveness.

Question 42 : All the above statements drive anergy process.

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