Please help me with this, they want very detailed answers and its not from our t

Question

Please help me with this, they want very detailed answers and its not from our textbook so I'm lost. Thank you so much.

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Instructions: Students are required to provide detailed answers to each question. Answers should should demonstrate comprehension of the material and should not be vague.

QUESTION #5 [6 pts] Several years ago, you detect what you think is a previously unknown polypeptide in a mouse's blood sample. You suspected that this peptide can act as a hormone of some kind, and after many experiments, you believe you have characterized the signaling pathway this hormone triggers a) You identify that this hormone triggers an increase in cAMP levels within the cell. What function is CAMP serving and how does it affect the magnitude of the hormone's signal? [2 pts] b) When conferring with a colleague, you find that her data suggests the activation of a different set of genes in her hepatocytes compared to the myocytes you have been studying. How can you explain this discrepancy? [1 pt c) This hormone also causes the transcriptional activation of a phosphodiesterase that degrades cAMP. What kind of regulation is this? What is the purpose of this kind of regulation? [1 pt d) When you try to publish your work, however, a reviewer notes that the mechanism you propose for regulation in (c) would not be effective without the activity of another regulatory protein and urges

Explanation / Answer

Answer a) cAMP regulates various cellular functions, including metabolism, transcription and growth, in the majority of cell types. These cAMP effects, mainly cAMP-dependent PKa including endocrine, cardiovascular, neuronal and immune functions. Research on cAMP signaling pathways requires the detection of the signaling system at various levels, including each target factor.

One important effect of elevated concentrations of cAMP is activation of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase called protein kinase A.

Protein kinase A is nominally in an catalytically-inactive state, but becomes active when it binds cAMP. Upon activation, protein kinase A phosphorylates a number of other proteins, many of which are themselves enzymes that are either activated or suppressed by being phosphorylated. Such changes in enzymatic activity within the cell clearly alter its state.

Answer b)

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