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According to the Internal Revenue Service, the average income tax refund for the

ID: 3039944 • Letter: A

Question

According to the Internal Revenue Service, the average income tax refund for the 2011 tax year was $2,913. As- sume the refund distribution with a standard deviation of $950 11 per person follows the normal probability a. What is the probability that a randomly selected tax return refund from the 2011 tax year will be 1. more than $2,000? 2. between $1,600 and S2.500? 3. between $3,200 and $4,000? Continuous Probal b. Confirm the answers to part a using Excel or PHStat. e. What refund amount represents the 35th percentile of tax returns?

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

a).

1.

Z value for 2000, z =(2000-2913)/950 = -0.96

P( x >2000)m = P( z > -0.96)

=0.8315

2).

Z value for 1600, z =(1600-2913)/950 = -1.38

Z value for 2500, z =(2500-2913)/950 = -0.43

P( 1600<x<2500) = P( -1.38<z<-0.43) = P( z < -0.43) –P( z < -1.38)

=0.3336-0.0838

=0.2498

3).

Z value for 3200, z =(3200-2913)/950 = 0.30

Z value for 4000, z =(4000-2913)/950 = 1.14

P( 3200<x<4000) = P( 0.30<z<1.14) = P( z < 1.14) –P( z < 0.30)

=0.8729-0.6179

=0.255

b).

PHSTAT used

Normal Probabilities

Common Data

Mean

2913

Standard Deviation

950

Probability for X >

X Value

2000

Z Value

-0.961053

P(X>2000)

0.8317

Probability for a Range

From X Value

1600

To X Value

2500

Z Value for 1600

-1.382105

Z Value for 2500

-0.434737

P(X<=1600)

0.0835

P(X<=2500)

0.3319

P(1600<=X<=2500)

0.2484

Probability for a Range

From X Value

3200

To X Value

4000

Z Value for 3200

0.3021053

Z Value for 4000

1.1442105

P(X<=3200)

0.6187

P(X<=4000)

0.8737

P(3200<=X<=4000)

0.2550

c).

z value for 35th percentile = -0.385

x = mean+z*sd = 2913-0.385*950

=2547.25

Normal Probabilities

Common Data

Mean

2913

Standard Deviation

950

Probability for X >

X Value

2000

Z Value

-0.961053

P(X>2000)

0.8317

Probability for a Range

From X Value

1600

To X Value

2500

Z Value for 1600

-1.382105

Z Value for 2500

-0.434737

P(X<=1600)

0.0835

P(X<=2500)

0.3319

P(1600<=X<=2500)

0.2484

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