1. Indicate which type of sampling design is being utilized in each of the follo
ID: 3041020 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Indicate which type of sampling design is being utilized in each of the following scenarios.
Each 11th grade homeroom in a large high school contains 30 students. Randomly select 5 homerooms and sample every student in that homeroom to get a sample of 150 11th grade students.
Miami university, OH undergraduate students can be classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. Compile a list of all freshmen, sophomores,juniors, and seniors. Randomly select 50 freshmen, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors to produce a sample of size 200.
2. Indicate the type of bias that could most notably affect the results of each survey.
A researcher is interested in finding out what Miami University, OH students think about the food at the Rec Center. The researcher stands outside the Rec Center for an hour and randomly surveys every 10th person that leaves the Rec Center.
A researcher is interested in determining what percentage of residents in Oxford, OH watch at least 5 hours of television per day. The researcher randomly selects 50 residents from the phone book and calls these residents.
A researcher is interested in finding out the percentage of homeowners in Oxford, OH that watch television after work. The researcher randomly selects 50 households from the complete list of homeowners in Oxford, OH and mail them a survey. Not all of the households selected return the survey.
3. Determine whether the following are examples of Statistic or Parameter.
The average ACT score for all Miami University, OH students in the incoming class of 2020.
The true proportion of Miami University, OH students that live on campus.
From a random sample of 75 children under the age of 10 (population size = 200), a nutritionist obtains a sample mean of 2,993 milligrams of sodium consumed.
The true proportion of undergraduate students at Miami University, OH that have engaged in binge drinking at least once during their time as a student.
4. Determine whether the following are examples of designed experiments or observational studies:
A study is conducted to determine if a new drug developed to treat osteoporosis is effective. 500 volunteers with osteoporosis were randomly split into two groups. The subjects in the first group received the new drug, while the subjects in the second group received a placebo. Bone scans for each patient taken at the start and end of the study were compared.
A study is conducted to investigate the relationship between owning pets and happiness. 100 volunteer subjects are studied and data on whether or not a pet is owned and a happiness score (110 with 10 being extremely happy) are obtained.
210 college students were randomly assigned to played either a violent (Wolfenstein 3D) or nonviolent video game (Myst). A short time later, the students who played the violent video game punished an opponent (received a noise blast with varying intensity) for a longer period of time than did students who had played the nonviolent video game.
Determine whether the following are examples of descriptive or inferential statistics.
A researcher is interested in estimating the average income of all residents in Oxford, Ohio. The researcher takes a simple random sample of 500 Oxford, OH residents and computes the average income for these residents to use as an estimate for the true average income.
A hardware store owner wants to determine the percentage of customers that buy electrical tape. Based on a simple random sample of 1,000 customers, the owner concludes that 20% of all customers buy electrical tape.
A STA 301 instructor at Miami University, OH collected a random sample of 15 students from his class for final exam and used sample mean, sample standard deviation, and histogram (a graphical method to describe quantitative variable) to describe the patterns in his data set.
Explanation / Answer
1. Cluster sampling refers to a type of sampling method . With cluster sampling, the researcher divides the population into separate groups, called clusters. Then, a simple random sample of clusters is selected from the population. The researcher conducts his analysis on data from the sampled clusters.
Stratified random sampling is a method of samplingthat involves the division of a population into smaller groups known as strata. In stratified random sampling, or stratification, the strata are formed based on members' shared attributes or characteristics.
The main difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling is that in cluster sampling the cluster is treated as the sampling unit so samplingis done on a population of clusters (at least in the first stage). In stratified sampling, the sampling is done on elements within each strata.
Based on the above definitions,
First one is cluster sampling as 5 homerooms are randomly selected.
Second one is stratified as population is divided into strata and then from each strata sampling is done.
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